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Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid: History, Community, Culture & Applications

γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug. It is a precursor to GABA, glutamate, and glycine in certain brain areas. It acts on the GHB receptor and is a weak agonist at the GABAB receptor. GHB has been used in medicine as a general anesthetic and as treatment for…

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Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid topic overview

The analysis highlights History, Community, Culture and Applications as prominent areas in the source structure around Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid.

Related topics: 142
Source areas: 8
Connected nodes: 150
Extracted relationships: 64
Concept neighborhoods: 33
Bridge connections: 150

What this topic covers Research coverage

Source areas are shown by the number of related topics found in each part of the analysis. Use smaller areas too: they can reveal specialized angles and content gaps.

Society and culture · 31 topics

Pharmacology · 26 topics

Overview · 18 topics

Adverse effects · 16 topics

Endogenous production · 14 topics

Medical uses · 13 topics

Overdose · 13 topics

History · 11 topics

Smaller areas are not necessarily less important. They contain fewer connections in this analysis and can be useful for finding specialized angles or coverage gaps.

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

3D model (JSmol): Interactive image
Addiction liability: High
ATC code: N01AX11 (WHO) N07XX04 (WHO)
Bioavailability: 25% (oral)
CAS Number: 591-81-1 Y
ChEBI: CHEBI:30830 Y

Suggested research paths

A focused starting point derived from the topic graph, ranked independently of the source article order.

Start with these areas

Less obvious directions

Endogenous production

Amisulpride Benzamide Cerebrospinal fluid CAMP

Overdose

1,4-butanediol Benzodiazepines Bradycardia Cardiac arrest

Explore all related topics Closing gaps

Browse the complete topic structure, not only the most central items. Less prominent entities and concepts can reveal missing angles, specialized context and useful research gaps. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

Neurotransmitter
Depressant drug Depressant
GABA
Glutamate
Glycine
GHB receptor
Agonist
GABAB GABAB receptor
General anesthetic General anaesthetic
Cataplexy
Narcolepsy
Alcohol use disorder Alcoholism
Performance enhancement
Date rape Date-rape drug
Recreation Recreational drug use
Sodium oxybate
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Club drug

Medical uses

Adverse effects

Overdose

Endogenous production

Advanced semantic analysis

Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.

How Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid connects Entity context

The extracted context around Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid shows recurring relationship patterns in the source. For example, Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → Cells, Conversely, GHB, GHB-activated, It, Other, People, SSR, The, These, This Another extracted example is Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → AU: S9 (Prohibited substance) / S8 as sodium oxybate, BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs), CA: Schedule I, DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses), EU: List I (Netherlands), NZ: Class B, SE: Förteckning II, UK: Class B, UN: Psychotropic Schedule II, US: Schedule I / Schedule III. Use these groups to spot repeated connection types before inspecting the individual relationships.

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid

Top relations

related to Endogenous production · 11

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → Cells, Conversely, GHB, GHB-activated, It, Other, People, SSR, The, These, This

Legal status · 10

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → AU: S9 (Prohibited substance) / S8 as sodium oxybate, BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs), CA: Schedule I, DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses), EU: List I (Netherlands), NZ: Class B, SE: Förteckning II, UK: Class B, UN: Psychotropic Schedule II, US: Schedule I / Schedule III

3D model (JSmol) · 1

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → Interactive image

Addiction liability · 1

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → High

ATC code · 1

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → N01AX11 (WHO) N07XX04 (WHO)

Bioavailability · 1

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → 25% (oral)

CAS Number · 1

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → 591-81-1 Y

ChEBI · 1

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → CHEBI:30830 Y

ChEMBL · 1

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → ChEMBL1342 Y

ChemSpider · 1

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → 9984 Y

Important terminology

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

ghb also drug use may alcohol gabab sodium used receptor oxybate effects found however brain gaba drugs blood doses overdose

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

TTTA extracted 64 structured relationships around Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid. Examples in this analysis include Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → 3D model (JSmol) → Interactive image and Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid → Addiction liability → High. The table shows each extracted connection, where it came from and its confidence.

Subject	Predicate	Object	Confidence	Src
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Addiction liability	High	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	ATC code	N01AX11 (WHO) N07XX04 (WHO)	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Bioavailability	25% (oral)	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	CAS Number	591-81-1 Y	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	ChEBI	CHEBI:30830 Y	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	ChEMBL	ChEMBL1342 Y	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	ChemSpider	9984 Y	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2074740	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Drug class	GHB receptor agonist; GABAB receptor agonist; Depressant; Hypnotic; Sedative	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	DrugBank	DB01440 Y	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	ECHA InfoCard	100.218.519	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Elimination half-life	30–60 minutes	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Excretion	1–5%, kidney	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Formula	C4H8O3	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	IUPHAR/BPS	4711	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	KEGG	C00989 Y	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	AU: S9 (Prohibited substance) / S8 as sodium oxybate	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs)	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	CA: Schedule I	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses)	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	NZ: Class B	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	UK: Class B	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	US: Schedule I / Schedule III	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	UN: Psychotropic Schedule II	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	EU: List I (Netherlands)	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Legal status	SE: Förteckning II	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Metabolism	95–98%, mainly liver, also in blood and tissues	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Metabolites	Succinic semialdehyde, Succinic acid	1.00	infobox
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid	Molar mass	104.105 g·mol−1	1.00	infobox

Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods

The concept neighborhoods around Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid bring nearby vocabulary together. In this analysis, examples include Semialdehyde, Succinic and Alcohol. Use the clusters to find adjacent concepts and terminology that may deserve separate research.

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid
- Semialdehyde
- Succinic
- Alcohol
- Also
- Drugs
- Receptor
- Use
- Benzodiazepines
- Drug
- Higher
- Treatment
- Gbl
γ-hydroxybutyric acid
- Semialdehyde
- Succinic
- Alcohol
- Also
- Drugs
- Receptor
- Use
- Benzodiazepines
- Drug
- Higher
- Treatment
- Gbl
depressant drug
- Use
- Known
- Overdose
- Used
- Sodium
- Ghb
- Blood
- Oxybate
- Treatment
- Urine
- Deaths
- Doses
ghb receptor
- Release
- Drug
- Benzodiazepines
- Use
- Receptor
- However
- May
- Blood
- Drugs
- Gabab
- Found
- Doses
gabab
- Receptor
- Receptors
- Higher
- Effects
- Doses
- Benzodiazepines
- Withdrawal
- Overdose
- Drugs
- Ghb
- Treatment
- Release
alcohol use disorder
- However
- Treatment
- Sodium
- Oxybate
- Used
- Evidence
- Use
- Withdrawal
- Deaths
- Death
- Also
- Drugs
club drug
- Use
- Known
- Overdose
- Used
- Sodium
- Ghb
- Blood
- Oxybate
- Treatment
- Urine
- Deaths
- Doses
alcohol dependence
- Treatment
- Oxybate
- Used
- Sodium
- Use
- Withdrawal
- Deaths
- Death
- Also
- Drugs
- Effects
- Receptor

Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

For Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid, one of the stronger structural bridges in this analysis connects Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid with Society and culture. Bridges highlight paths between different parts of the map and can reveal research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list.

Min side: 3

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid — Society and culture · splits 119 ⟂ 32

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid — Pharmacology · splits 124 ⟂ 27

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid — Overview · splits 132 ⟂ 19

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid — Adverse effects · splits 134 ⟂ 17

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid — Endogenous production · splits 136 ⟂ 15

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid — Medical uses · splits 137 ⟂ 14

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid — Overdose · splits 137 ⟂ 14

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid — History · splits 139 ⟂ 12

Map overview Semantic statistics

Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid

Nodes151

Edges150

Triples64

Avg. degree1.99

Density0.013245

Components1

Source & methodology

TTTA analyzes the structure around Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid to surface related topics, entities, relationships, concept neighborhoods and bridge connections. Use the map to explore areas such as History, Community, Culture & Applications, including less central topics that may reveal useful research gaps. Automatically extracted connections are research leads rather than rewritten encyclopedia content.

Source: Wikipedia — Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid · EN edition · Analysis: TopicsToTalkAbout

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