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Barbiturate

Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction potential as well as overdose potential among other possible adverse effects. They have been used recreationally for their…

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Overview

Uses

Classification

Indications

Side effects

Contraindications

Mechanism of action

Interactions

History

Society and culture

Examples

External links and further reading

  • PMC PMC (identifier)
  • PMID PMID (identifier)

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Map overview Semantic statistics

Barbiturate

Nodes194
Edges193
Triples167
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.010309
Components1

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Barbiturate

Top relations

related to history · 27
Barbiturate → Adolf, An, Another, Baeyer, Barbara, Barbital, Barbituric, Bayer, Edouard Grimaux, Emil Fischer, French, German, In, It, Italian, Joseph, Luminal, Mering, Munich, No
related to Mechanism of action · 23
Barbiturate → AMPA, At, Barbiturates, Ca2, CNS, CNS-depressant, For, Further, GABA, GABA-ergic, GABAA, GABAergic, Glutamate, However, HT3, In, Like, P/Q-type, Such, Taken
related to Recreational use · 15
Barbiturate → Amytal, Barbiturates, Chronic, Nembutal, Often, One, Other, People, Physical, Recreational, Seconal, Short-acting, The, These, Tuinal
related to Tolerance and dependence · 14
Barbiturate → As, Attempting, GABA, GABAergic, It, Mal, Mental, Patients, Research, Similarly, The, Valium, With, Withdrawal
related to Examples · 8
Barbiturate → CH, CH2CH2CH3, CH2CH3, CH3, R1, R3, Thiopental, United States
related to External links and further reading · 8
Barbiturate → Alamo, López-Muñoz, Neuropsychiatric Disease, PMC, PMID, The, Treatment, Ucha-Udabe
related to Interrogation · 8
Barbiturate → It, Lying, Nonetheless, Sodium, Sodium Pentothal, The, This, When
related to Overdose · 8
Barbiturate → Barbiturates, CNS, Even, If, In, Some, The, Tolerance
has effect · 7
Barbiturate → After, As, In, Johnson, Stevens, There, When
related to Medicine · 7
Barbiturate → Barbiturates, For, However, Intermediate-acting, REM, Today, United States

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Important terminology

barbiturates effects benzodiazepines used also use overdose drug drugs tolerance withdrawal phenobarbital benzodiazepine class acid may receptor substance barbituric gaba

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
seizuresinstance ofbarbiturate withdrawal produces potentially fatal effects0.80text
in a manner reminiscent of delirium tremensinstance ofbarbiturate withdrawal produces potentially fatal effects0.80text
benzodiazepine withdrawal although its more direct mechanism of GABA agonism makes barbiturate withdrawal even more severe than that of alcohol or benzodiazepinesinstance ofbarbiturate withdrawal produces potentially fatal effects0.80text
butalbitalinstance ofwith superpotent barbiturates such as pentobarbital being potentially fatal in considerably lower doses than the low-potency barbiturates0.80text
codeineinstance ofThis can result in fatal overdoses from drugs0.80text
tramadolinstance ofThis can result in fatal overdoses from drugs0.80text
and carisoprodolinstance ofThis can result in fatal overdoses from drugs0.80text
which become considerably more potent after being metabolized by CYP enzymesinstance ofThis can result in fatal overdoses from drugs0.80text
benzodiazepinesinstance ofthe findings that barbiturates potentiate inhibitory GABAA receptors and inhibit excitatory AMPA receptors can explain the superior CNS-depressant effects of these agents to alt…0.80text
quinazolinonesinstance ofthe findings that barbiturates potentiate inhibitory GABAA receptors and inhibit excitatory AMPA receptors can explain the superior CNS-depressant effects of these agents to alt…0.80text
glutamate via an effect on P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channelsinstance ofdependent release of neurotransmitters0.80text
opioids or benzodiazepinesAlcoholCaution is also required in patients withinstance ofMedications0.80text

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