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Explore the main themes, entities and connections around Antibody. Start with the topic map, then use the sections below for research and deeper semantic analysis.
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History
26 related topics
Medical applications
20 related topics
Research applications
31 related topics
Structure
50 related topics
Key facts & relationships
High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.
Topics to explore
A structured outline of related entities, concepts and subtopics. Open any item to build a new map centered on it.Browse the full topic structure. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.
Overview
- Protein
- Immunoglobulin superfamily
- Immune system
- Antigens Antigen
- Bacteria Pathogenic bacteria
- Virus
- Paratope
- Epitopes Epitope
- Microbe
- B cell
- Isotypes Isotype (immunology)
- IgA
- IgD
- IgE
- IgG
- IgM
- Humoral immunity
- Cell-mediated immunity
- T cells T cell
- Killer T cells Cytotoxic T cell
- Adaptive immune system
- Complement system
- Immune complexes Immune complex
- Lymph nodes Lymph node
- Spleen
- Germline
- Immunological memory
- Diagnostics Medical diagnosis
- Serology
- Titer
Sources of antibodies
- BLIMP-1 PRDM1
- Differentiate Cellular differentiation
- Plasma cells Plasma cell
- Germinal center
- Terminally differentiated
- Adjuvant
- Toll-like receptor
- Ligands Ligand (biochemistry)
- Memory B cells Memory B cell
Structure
- Glycans
- Da Dalton (unit)
- Nm Nanometre
- Globular Globular protein
- Mammals Mammal
- Polypeptide chains Polypeptide chain
- Heavy chains Immunoglobulin heavy chain
- Light chains Immunoglobulin light chain
- Disulfide bonds Disulfide bond
- Domains Protein domain
- Amino acid
- Antigen-binding fragments Fragment antigen-binding
- Crystallisable fragment Fragment crystallizable region
- Dimers Protein dimer
- Electrophoresis Serum protein electrophoresis
- Blood proteins
- Gamma globulin
- Greek key motif Beta sheet
- Complementarity-determining regions Complementarity-determining region
- Polysaccharides Polysaccharide
- Bacterial cell walls Bacterial cell wall
- Antigen-antibody complex
- Immune network theory
- Fc region
- Effector cells Effector cell
- Macrophages Macrophage
- Natural killer cells Natural killer cell
- Fc receptors Fc receptor
- C1q
- Classical complement pathway
Classes
- Allergic
- Histamine
- Mast cells Mast cell
- Asthma
- House dust mite
- Fc receptor ε FcεRI
- Degranulation
- Development Pre-pre B cell
- Naive B lymphocyte Naive B cell
- Secreted Secretion
- Membrane Cell membrane
- Immunoglobulin class switching
- Lambda
- Kappa
- Iota
- Vertebrates Vertebrate
- Chondrichthyes
- Teleostei
- Placental mammals Placental mammal
- Jawed fish
- Cartilaginous fish
- Heavy-chain-only antibodies Heavy-chain antibody
- Camelids
Antibody–antigen interactions
- Electrostatic forces Coulomb's law
- Hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bond
- Hydrophobic interactions
- Van der Waals forces Van der Waals force
- Affinity Affinity (pharmacology)
- Cross-react Cross-reactivity
Function
- Neutralisation Neutralisation (immunology)
- Neutralizing antibodies Neutralizing antibody
- Agglutinate Agglutination (biology)
- Phagocytose Phagocytosis
- Serum Blood serum
- Membrane attack complex
- Lysis
- Inflammation
- Chemotactically Chemotaxis
- Downregulate
- Autoimmunity
- Prenatal
- Passive immunization
- FcRn Neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor
- Humoral immune system
- Immunity Immunity (medical)
- Macrophages
- Immune responses Immune response
- Complement cascade
- Fc region Fv region
- Phagocytes Phagocyte
- Opsonization
- Membrane attack complex Complement membrane attack complex
- Neutrophils Neutrophil
- Cytokines Cytokine
- Cytotoxic
- Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- Monoclonal antibodies Monoclonal antibody
- Biological Biopharmaceutical
- Vaccination
Immunoglobulin diversity
- Genes Gene
- IGH@
- Chromosome 14
- IGL@
- IGK@
- 22 Chromosome 22
- Genomes Genome
- RAG Recombination-activating gene
- Allelic exclusion
- Proliferate Cell division
- Point mutation
- Nucleotide
- Affinity Chemical affinity
- Apoptosis
- Helper T cells Helper T cell
- Biological process
- Locus Locus (genetics)
- DNA
- Enzymes Enzyme
- Exon
- Non-homologous end joining
- Intravenous immunoglobulin
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Single-chain variable fragments Single-chain variable fragment
- ScFv
- Malaria
- Plasmodium falciparum
- LAIR1
History
- Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich
- Antitoxin
- Emil von Behring
- Kitasato Shibasaburō
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus toxins Tetanus toxin
- Side-chain theory
- Toxins Toxin
- Almroth Wright
- Bacteria
- Opsoninization Opsonin
- Michael Heidelberger
- Oswald Avery
- John Marrack
- Linus Pauling
- Astrid Fagraeus
- Gerald Edelman
- Bence-Jones protein
- Henry Bence Jones
- IgG Immunoglobulin G
- Rodney Porter
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Kimishige Ishizaka
- Teruko Ishizaka
- Allergic Allergy
- Susumu Tonegawa
Medical applications
- Monoclonal antibody therapy
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Psoriasis
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Colorectal cancer
- Head and neck cancer
- Breast cancer
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia
- Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Passive immunity
- Serum Blood plasma
- Rh factor
- Childbirth
- Fetus
- Pregnancy
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Rho(D) immune globulin
- Prenatal treatment regimen Prenatal care
- Rh disease
Research applications
- Mouse
- Rat
- Rabbit
- Goat
- Sheep
- Horse
- Polyclonal antibodies
- Antiserum
- Chickens Chicken
- Egg yolk
- Lymphocytes Lymphocyte
- Immortalized Biological immortality
- Hybridomas Hybridoma
- Dilution cloning
- Cell clones Cloning
- Protein A/G
- Antigen-affinity chromatography Affinity chromatography
- Intracellular
- Extracellular
- Flow cytometry
- Cluster of differentiation
- Immunoprecipitation
- Cell lysate
- Electrophoresis
- Immunohistochemistry
- Microscope
- ELISpot
- F1000 Faculty of 1000
- RRIDs
- Force11
Regulations
- Cell Cell (biology)
- Myeloma Multiple myeloma
- Quadromas Trifunctional antibody
- Efficiency
- Impurities
- Physicochemical Physical chemistry
- Immunological
- Biological
- Fungi Fungus
- In vitro
- In vivo
- Murine Murinae
- Retrovirus
- Preclinical Phases of clinical research
- Pharmacology
- Toxicity
- Preclinical
- Acute toxicity
- Long-term toxicity Chronic toxicity
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
Structure prediction and computational antibody design
Antibody mimetic
- Antibody mimetics Antibody mimetic
- Aptamer
- Nanobodies Single-domain antibody
Binding antibody unit
Advanced semantic analysis
Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.
Map overview Semantic statistics
Number of nodes, edges, triples, density and central hubs. Use it to gauge the size and connectivity of the map.Antibody
Nodes343
Edges342
Triples334
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.005831
Components1
How this topic connects Entity context
Quick relationship hints grouped by predicate. Useful for spotting recurring semantic connections around the current entity.See the strongest relationship patterns around the current topic before diving into the raw triples.
Antibody
Top relations
related to history · 23
Antibody → Almroth Wright, Amboceptor, Antikörper, As, Behring, Desmon, Emil, English, Experimental Studies, German, His, However, Immunisin, Immunity, Immunkörper, Kitasato, Kitasato Shibasaburō, October, Other, Paul Ehrlich
related to Class switching · 18
Antibody → Class, CSR, DNA, Each, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM, Initially, Isotype, NHEJ, Only, S-regions, The, The DNA, This, Thus
has application · 17
Antibody → Antibodies, Antigens, Blood, ELISA, ELISpot, For, In, Polyclonal, Protein A/G, Proteins, Research, Single, Specific, The, They, To, Western
related to Structure prediction and computational antibody design · 17
Antibody → CDR, CDRs, Computational, FV, However, Immunoglobulin Structure, Online, PIGS, Prediction, Rosetta Antibody, Several, The, This, To, WAM, Web Antibody Modeling, X-ray
related to Domain variability · 15
Antibody → CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, CDRs, Combining, Differences, HV-1, HV-2, HV-3, IGH, IGK, IGL, One, The, This
related to Sources of antibodies · 15
Antibody → Antibodies, BLIMP-1, Classically, However, IgA, IgE, IgG-secreting, IgM, In, It, Long-lived, Occasionally, Plasma, Plasmablasts, The
related to Fc region · 14
Antibody → Another, C1q, Effector, Fab, Fc, FcR, FcRn, IgA, IgG, IgG3, IgM, In, Its, The Fc
related to Classes · 13
Antibody → Antibodies, Fc, For, Ig, IgA, IgA1, IgA2, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM, In, The
related to Antibody complexes · 12
Antibody → An, Antibodies, However, Ig, IgA, IgG, IgM, IgW, Multivalent, Secreted, Small, Y-shaped
related to B cell receptors · 12
Antibody → BCR, BCRs, Ig-α, Ig-β, IgD, IgM, In, It, The, The BCR, These, Upon
Important terminology Word statistics
Frequent words and multi-word phrases across the lead, headings, infobox and body. Useful for terminology coverage.Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.
Important terminology
antibodies cells antigen cell immune different also antigens region immunoglobulin chain heavy igg affinity form system binding variable proteins light
Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples
Extracted RDF-like relationships with confidence and source. The table includes structured facts and lower-confidence contextual relations.| Subject | Predicate | Object | Confidence | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibody | is a | body directed against something.The study of antibodies began in 1890 when Emil von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburō described antibody activity against diphtheria and tetanus t… | 0.90 | text |
| Antibody | is a | novel antibody FV region structure prediction server | 0.90 | text |
| those that exist on bacteria | instance of | is a large protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens | 0.80 | text |
| virus cells | instance of | is a large protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens | 0.80 | text |
| including those that cause disease | instance of | is a large protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens | 0.80 | text |
| toll-like receptor ligands | instance of | by the presence of adjuvant molecules that stimulate the immune response | 0.80 | text |
| polysaccharides in bacterial cell walls | instance of | repeating sites | 0.80 | text |
| or other sites at some distance apart | instance of | repeating sites | 0.80 | text |
| IgA1 | instance of | which are further subdivided into subclasses | 0.80 | text |
| IgA2 | instance of | which are further subdivided into subclasses | 0.80 | text |
| the complement pathway | instance of | and they trigger destruction of pathogens by stimulating other immune responses | 0.80 | text |
| serology depend on these methods | instance of | and applications | 0.80 | text |
No triples extracted yet.
Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods
Clusters of nearby vocabulary surrounding the topic. Scan them for adjacent concepts and language you may have missed.These clusters group vocabulary that occurs around closely connected concepts in the source material.
Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges
Bridge nodes connect otherwise separate parts of the map. Expand a row to inspect the topic groups on each side.Bridges can reveal useful research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list of related terms.
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