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Lead

Lead (/lɛd/ ⓘ) is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal, denser than most common materials. Lead is soft, malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut or melted, it appears shiny silvery with a bluish tint, but tarnishes to dull gray on exposure to air. Lead has the…

History & Applications

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Applications

46 related topics

Physical properties

56 related topics

Chemistry

30 related topics

Origin and occurrence

21 related topics

Key facts & relationships

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202Pb
synth
204Pb
1.40%
205Pb
synth
206Pb
24.1%
207Pb
22.1%
208Pb
52.4%

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Overview

Physical properties

Chemistry

Origin and occurrence

Etymology

History

Production

Applications

Biological effects

Environmental effects

Restriction and remediation

Bibliography

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Map overview Semantic statistics

Lead

Nodes386
Edges385
Triples375
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.005181
Components1

How this topic connects Entity context

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Lead

Top relations

related to Further reading · 49
Lead → Abraham, Analytical Aspects, Assessing, Astrid, Berry, Bibcode, Biology, Chen, De Gruyter, DNA, Elsevier, Environment, Environmental Health Perspectives, Environmental Impacts, Hao, Health, Health Effects, Helmut, Hunt, Ingalls
has effect · 20
Lead → American, Atmospheric, By, Canadian, Chronic, Continual, Earth's, Elevated, Global South, In, Industrial Revolution, It, Its, IX, Only, Several, Small, Symptoms, The, This
related to Etymology · 17
Lead → According, Another, English, German Blei, Germanic, Latin, Middle English, Old English, One, Pb, Proto-Celtic, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Indo-European, The, The Old English, There, This
related to Restriction and remediation · 17
Lead → Avgas, By, Chinese, Congress, Environmental Protection Agency, EU, European Union's, Hazardous Substances Directive, In, Netherlands, Old, Particulate, Restriction, Stripping, The, United States, White
related to Production · 16
Lead → According, As, Australia, China, Given, In, India, Metal Stocks, Much, Scrap, Secondary, Society, Some, The, There, United States
related to Compounds · 15
Lead → Because, China, Europe, European, In, India, Indonesia, It, Lead-based, North America, North American, Other, The, TVs, While
related to Organolead · 15
Lead → CH, For, II, Its, IV, Other, Pb, Plumbane, SiMe3, Tetraethyllead, The, These, This, Two, With
related to On Earth · 12
Lead → Arsenic, Earth's, Goldschmidt, It, Many, Most, Pb5Sb4S11, PbCO3, PbS, PbSO4, The, This
related to Bibliography · 11
Lead → CC-BY-SA-3, ISSN, July, Mikhail Boldyrev, PDF, Science, The, This, Wikidata Q56050531, WikiJournal, Wikipedia
related to Disease burden · 11
Lead → American College, Cardiology, CVD, CVDs, Disease Study, Half, IQ, Journal, Lancet Planetary Health, The, The Global Burden

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Important terminology

used high compounds exposure may use ii stable production metal density levels oxidation states atomic isotopes metals copper two number

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Lead202Pbsynth1.00infobox
Lead204Pb1.40%1.00infobox
Lead205Pbsynth1.00infobox
Lead206Pb24.1%1.00infobox
Lead207Pb22.1%1.00infobox
Lead208Pb52.4%1.00infobox
Lead209Pbtrace1.00infobox
Lead210Pbtrace1.00infobox
Lead211Pbtrace1.00infobox
Lead212Pbtrace1.00infobox
Lead214Pbtrace1.00infobox
LeadAppearancemetallic gray1.00infobox
Leadat T (K)9781.00infobox
LeadAtomic number (Z)821.00infobox
LeadAtomic radiusempirical: 175 pm1.00infobox
LeadBlockp-block1.00infobox
LeadBoiling point2022 K ​(1749 °C, ​3180 °F)1.00infobox
LeadBrinell hardness38–50 MPa1.00infobox
LeadBulk modulus46 GPa1.00infobox
LeadCAS Number7439-92-11.00infobox
LeadCovalent radius146±5 pm1.00infobox
LeadCrystal structure​face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)1.00infobox
LeadDensity (at 20 °C)11.348 g/cm31.00infobox
LeadDiscoveryMiddle East (7000 BCE)1.00infobox
LeadElectrical resistivity208 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)1.00infobox
LeadElectron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p21.00infobox
LeadElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.33 (in +4), 1.87 (in +2)1.00infobox
LeadElectrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 41.00infobox
LeadGroupgroup 14 (carbon group)1.00infobox
LeadHeat of fusion4.77 kJ/mol1.00infobox

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