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Proline

Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group -NH2 but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the protonated form (NH2+) under biological conditions, while the carboxyl group is in the deprotonated −COO− form.

History & Applications

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Biological activity

AgonistGlycine receptorNMDAAMPAKainate
18 related topics

Properties in protein structure

Hydrogen bondSecondary structureThermophilicProtein secondary structureΦ, ψ and ω
17 related topics

History and etymology

Richard WillstätterDiethyl malonate1,3-dibromopropaneEmil FischerCasein
5 related topics

Cis–trans isomerization

Peptide bondsSarcosineCisTransIsomerization
10 related topics

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Overview

History and etymology

Biosynthesis

Biological activity

Properties in protein structure

Cis–trans isomerization

Uses

Specialties

Synthesis

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Map overview Semantic statistics

Proline

Nodes96
Edges95
Triples56
Avg. degree1.98
Density0.020833
Components1

How this topic connects Entity context

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Proline

Top relations

related to Cis–trans isomerization · 14
Proline → All, By, Cis, Cα, From, Gly, Hence, However, Most, N-substituted, Peptide, Pro, This, X-Pro
related to Biological activity · 6
Proline → AMPA/kainate, EPRS1, In, It, L-Proline, NMDA
related to Biosynthesis · 6
Proline → ATP-dependent, Glutamate-5-semialdehyde, L-glutamate, NADH, NADPH, This
related to Properties in protein structure · 6
Proline → It, N-alkylamino, Peptide, Pro-tRNAPro, The, When
related to Specialties · 5
Proline → Additionally, As, Due, Furthermore, Ramachandran
is a · 4
Proline → critical biochemical process for maintaining the connective tissue of higher organisms, only amino acid that does not form a red-purple colour when developed by spraying with ninhydrin for uses in chromatography, only proteinogenic amino acid which is a secondary amine, osmoprotectant and therefore is used in many pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.The growth medium used in plant tissue culture may be supplemented with proline
related to history · 4
Proline → Emil Fischer, N-methylproline, Richard Willstätter, The
related to Uses · 2
Proline → In, The CBS
related to External links · 1
Proline → Proline MS SpectrumProline
related to Synthesis · 1
Proline → Racemic

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Important terminology

amino acid peptide secondary cis form chain structure trans nitrogen bond also acids bonds side amine protein found organisms formation

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Prolineis aonly proteinogenic amino acid which is a secondary amine0.90text
Prolineis acritical biochemical process for maintaining the connective tissue of higher organisms0.90text
Prolineis aosmoprotectant and therefore is used in many pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.The growth medium used in plant tissue culture may be supplemented with proline0.90text
Prolineis aonly amino acid that does not form a red-purple colour when developed by spraying with ninhydrin for uses in chromatography0.90text
alpha helicesinstance ofProline acts as a structural disruptor in the middle of regular secondary structure elements0.80text
beta sheetsinstance ofProline acts as a structural disruptor in the middle of regular secondary structure elements0.80text
fluorineinstance ofor other additions of electron-withdrawing substituents0.80text
scurvy can result from defects in this hydroxylationinstance ofSevere diseases0.80text
e.g.instance ofSevere diseases0.80text
mutations in the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase or lack of the necessary ascorbateinstance ofSevere diseases0.80text
Prolinerelated to Biological activityL-Proline0.60section
Prolinerelated to Biological activityNMDA0.60section

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