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Erbium: Characters, History, Applications & Art

Erbium is a chemical element; it has symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. It is a lanthanide, a rare-earth element, originally found in the gadolinite mine in Ytterby, Sweden, which is the source of the element's name.

Language: English [EN]
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Erbium topic overview

The analysis highlights Characters, History, Applications and Art as prominent areas in the source structure around Erbium.

Related topics
132
Source areas
8
Connected nodes
140
Extracted relationships
150
Concept neighborhoods
45
Bridge connections
140

What this topic covers Research coverage

Source areas are shown by the number of related topics found in each part of the analysis. Use smaller areas too: they can reveal specialized angles and content gaps.

Characteristics · 39 topics
Compounds · 23 topics
Applications · 21 topics
Overview · 16 topics
History · 12 topics
Production · 8 topics
Biological role and precautions · 7 topics
Occurrence · 6 topics

Smaller areas are not necessarily less important. They contain fewer connections in this analysis and can be useful for finding specialized angles or coverage gaps.

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

162Er
0.139%
164Er
1.60%
165Er
synth
166Er
33.5%
167Er
22.9%
168Er
27.0%

Explore all related topics Closing gaps

Browse the complete topic structure, not only the most central items. Less prominent entities and concepts can reveal missing angles, specialized context and useful research gaps. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

Characteristics

Compounds

History

Occurrence

Production

Applications

Biological role and precautions

Advanced semantic analysis

Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.

How Erbium connects Entity context

The extracted context around Erbium shows recurring relationship patterns in the source. For example, Erbium → After, Carl Gustaf Mosander, Charles James, Er2O3, Erbia, Fairly, Georges Urbain, He, Heinrich Bommer, Marc Delafontaine, Mosander, Not, Reasonably, Sweden, Swiss, Wilhelm Klemm, Ytterby Another extracted example is Erbium → AlCl3, C2/m, C42h, Cl, Er, H2O, III, In, It, NH4, P2/c, P2/n. Use these groups to spot repeated connection types before inspecting the individual relationships.

Erbium

Top relations

related to history · 17
Erbium → After, Carl Gustaf Mosander, Charles James, Er2O3, Erbia, Fairly, Georges Urbain, He, Heinrich Bommer, Marc Delafontaine, Mosander, Not, Reasonably, Sweden, Swiss, Wilhelm Klemm, Ytterby
related to Halides · 12
Erbium → AlCl3, C2/m, C42h, Cl, Er, H2O, III, In, It, NH4, P2/c, P2/n
related to Lasers and optics · 12
Erbium → Co-doping, Common, EDFAs, Er, Er/Yb, Erbium-doped, In, Such, The, These, YAG, Yb
related to Occurrence · 12
Erbium → China, Concentration, Consequently, Earth’s, In, It, Like, Mosander, The, This, When, Ytterby
related to Biological role and precautions · 7
Erbium → Humans, II, Ingestion, Ionic, RNA, The, When
related to Oxides · 7
Erbium → Carl Gustaf Mosander, Charles James, Georges Urbain, III, It, The, The Er3
has application · 6
Erbium → An, Er0, Er3Co, Er3Ni, The, When
related to Production · 6
Erbium → After, Crushed, HNO3, In, The, Thorium
related to Isotopes · 5
Erbium → All, Naturally, Of, The, This
Ionization energies · 3
Erbium → 1st: 589.3 kJ/mol, 2nd: 1150 kJ/mol, 3rd: 2194 kJ/mol

Important terminology

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

metal used element optical laser er erbia oxide ions applications isotopes also rare-earth found fiber ytterby nm salts oxides chemical

Erbium relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

TTTA extracted 150 structured relationships around Erbium. Examples in this analysis include Erbium → 162Er → 0.139% and Erbium → 164Er → 1.60%. The table shows each extracted connection, where it came from and its confidence.

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Erbium162Er0.139%1.00infobox
Erbium164Er1.60%1.00infobox
Erbium165Ersynth1.00infobox
Erbium166Er33.5%1.00infobox
Erbium167Er22.9%1.00infobox
Erbium168Er27.0%1.00infobox
Erbium169Ersynth1.00infobox
Erbium170Er14.9%1.00infobox
ErbiumAppearancesilvery white1.00infobox
Erbiumat T (K)15041.00infobox
ErbiumAtomic number (Z)681.00infobox
ErbiumAtomic radiusempirical: 176 pm1.00infobox
ErbiumBlockf-block1.00infobox
ErbiumBoiling point3141 K ​(2868 °C, ​5194 °F)1.00infobox
ErbiumBrinell hardness600–1070 MPa1.00infobox
ErbiumBulk modulus44.4 GPa1.00infobox
ErbiumCAS Number7440-52-01.00infobox
ErbiumCovalent radius189±6 pm1.00infobox
ErbiumCrystal structure​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)1.00infobox
ErbiumDensity (at 20° C)9.065 g/cm31.00infobox
ErbiumDiscoveryCarl Gustaf Mosander (1843)1.00infobox
ErbiumElectrical resistivitypoly: 0.860 µΩ⋅m (r.t.)1.00infobox
ErbiumElectron configuration[Xe] 4f12 6s21.00infobox
ErbiumElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.241.00infobox
ErbiumElectrons per shell2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 21.00infobox
ErbiumFirst isolationWilhelm Klemm and Heinrich Bommer (1934)1.00infobox
ErbiumGroupf-block groups (no number)1.00infobox
ErbiumHeat of fusion19.90 kJ/mol1.00infobox
ErbiumHeat of vaporization280 kJ/mol1.00infobox
ErbiumIonization energies1st: 589.3 kJ/mol1.00infobox

Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods

The concept neighborhoods around Erbium bring nearby vocabulary together. In this analysis, examples include Metal, Iii and Oxide. Use the clusters to find adjacent concepts and terminology that may deserve separate research.

  • Erbium
    • Metal
    • Iii
    • Oxide
    • Water
    • Also
    • Calcium
    • Applications
    • Elements
    • Used
    • Dentistry
    • Isolated
    • Isotopes
  • erbium
    • Metal
    • Iii
    • Oxide
    • Water
    • Also
    • Calcium
    • Applications
    • Elements
    • Used
    • Dentistry
    • Isolated
    • Isotopes
  • chemical element
    • Compounds
    • Production
    • Metal
    • Applications
    • Rare-earth
    • Er
    • Sweden
    • Element
    • Isotopes
    • Stable
    • Ytterby
    • Found
  • rare-earth element
    • Ytterby
    • Sweden
    • Production
    • Compounds
    • Mosander
    • Oxides
    • Isotopes
    • Stable
    • Found
    • Rare-earth
    • Er
    • Ammonium
  • rare-earth elements
    • Ytterby
    • Sweden
    • Found
    • Production
    • Compounds
    • Mosander
    • Oxides
    • Terbia
    • Ammonium
    • Calcium
    • Isolated
    • Lasers
  • erbium(iii) oxide
    • Oxide
    • Ammonium
    • Water
    • Metal
    • Iii
    • Salts
    • Also
    • Isolated
    • Isotopes
    • Pure
    • Stable
    • Calcium
  • erbium hydroxide
    • Metal
    • Iii
    • Oxide
    • Water
    • Also
    • Calcium
    • Applications
    • Elements
    • Used
    • Dentistry
    • Isolated
    • Isotopes
  • monoisotopic element
    • Sweden
    • Isotopes
    • Stable
    • Ytterby
    • Found
    • Rare-earth
    • Er
    • Calcium
    • Gadolinite
    • Lasers
    • Earths
    • Production

Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

For Erbium, one of the stronger structural bridges in this analysis connects Erbium with Characteristics. Bridges highlight paths between different parts of the map and can reveal research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list.

Min side: 3
Erbium — Characteristics · splits 101 ⟂ 40
Erbium — Compounds · splits 117 ⟂ 24
Erbium — Applications · splits 119 ⟂ 22
Erbium — Overview · splits 124 ⟂ 17
Erbium — History · splits 128 ⟂ 13
Erbium — Production · splits 132 ⟂ 9
Erbium — Biological role and precautions · splits 133 ⟂ 8
Erbium — Occurrence · splits 134 ⟂ 7

Map overview Semantic statistics

Erbium

Nodes141
Edges140
Triples150
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.014184
Components1

Source & methodology

TTTA analyzes the structure around Erbium to surface related topics, entities, relationships, concept neighborhoods and bridge connections. Use the map to explore areas such as Characters, History, Applications & Art, including less central topics that may reveal useful research gaps. Automatically extracted connections are research leads rather than rewritten encyclopedia content.

Source: Wikipedia — Erbium · EN edition · Analysis: TopicsToTalkAbout

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