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Scandium: History, Applications & Art

Scandium is a chemical element; it has symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metallic element found in the d-block of the periodic table. Usually, it is classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.

Language: English [EN]
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Scandium topic overview

The analysis highlights History, Applications and Art as prominent areas in the source structure around Scandium.

Related topics
117
Source areas
7
Connected nodes
124
Extracted relationships
140
Related term clusters
33
Bridge connections
124

What this topic covers Research coverage

Source areas are shown by the number of related topics found in each part of the analysis. Use smaller areas too: they can reveal specialized angles and content gaps.

Properties · 27 topics
Applications · 21 topics
Overview · 20 topics
Compounds · 16 topics
Production · 15 topics
History · 14 topics
Health and safety · 4 topics

Smaller areas are not necessarily less important. They contain fewer connections in this analysis and can be useful for finding specialized angles or coverage gaps.

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

43Sc
synth
44m3Sc
synth
44Sc
synth
45Sc
100%
46Sc
synth
47Sc
synth

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Explore all related topics Closing gaps

Browse the complete topic structure, not only the most central items. Less prominent entities and concepts can reveal missing angles, specialized context and useful research gaps. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

Properties

Production

Compounds

History

Applications

Health and safety

For the semantics nerds

You can skip this section if you’re here for content ideas and keyword inspiration.

Advanced semantic analysis

How Scandium connects Entity context

The extracted context around Scandium shows recurring relationship patterns in the source. For example, Scandium → Bayan Obo, China, Elk Creek, Kola Peninsula, Nebraska, Nickel Asia Corporation, NioCorp Development, Philippines, Russia, Sc2O3, Since, Sumitomo Metal Mining, Ukraine, United States, Zhovti Vody Another extracted example is Scandium → Aluminium-scandium, Dmitri Mendeleev, Lars Fredrik Nilson, Latin Scandia, Mendeleev, Mendeleev's, Metallic, Nilson, Per Teodor Cleve, Production, Scandinavia, US, USSR. Use these groups to spot repeated connection types before inspecting the individual relationships.

Scandium

Top relations

related to Production · 15
Scandium → Bayan Obo, China, Elk Creek, Kola Peninsula, Nebraska, Nickel Asia Corporation, NioCorp Development, Philippines, Russia, Sc2O3, Since, Sumitomo Metal Mining, Ukraine, United States, Zhovti Vody
related to history · 13
Scandium → Aluminium-scandium, Dmitri Mendeleev, Lars Fredrik Nilson, Latin Scandia, Mendeleev, Mendeleev's, Metallic, Nilson, Per Teodor Cleve, Production, Scandinavia, US, USSR
related to Light sources · 11
Scandium → Approximately, Cr, Dentists, Er, General Electric, North America, One, Sc2O3, TV, United States, YSGG
related to Halides and pseudohalides · 10
Scandium → Br, Cl, III, La3, Lewis, Sc, ScF3, ScF63, ScX3, Y3
related to Occurrence · 10
Scandium → Also, Earth, Estimates, Example, In Earth's, Madagascar, Rare, Scandinavia, Sun, Thortveitite
related to Aluminium alloys · 6
Scandium → Al3Sc, L12, MiG-29, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, Russian, The Al3Sc
related to Uncommon oxidation states · 5
Scandium → Compounds, CsScCl3, II, Lower, Sc
Ionization energies · 4
Scandium → (more), 1st: 633.1 kJ/mol, 2nd: 1235.0 kJ/mol, 3rd: 2388.6 kJ/mol
related to Organic derivatives · 3
Scandium → Cp, One, ScCp2Cl
is a · 2
Scandium → byproduct of the extraction of other elements and is sold as scandium oxide.To produce metallic scandium, chemical element

Important terminology

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

aluminium alloys oxide element compounds sc titanium used stable applications per minerals yttrium isotopes states oxidation high isotope chemical metallic

Scandium relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

TTTA extracted 140 structured relationships around Scandium. Examples in this analysis include Scandium → 43Sc → synth and Scandium → 45Sc → 100%. The table shows each extracted connection, where it came from and its confidence.

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Scandium43Scsynth1.00infobox
Scandium44m3Scsynth1.00infobox
Scandium44Scsynth1.00infobox
Scandium45Sc100%1.00infobox
Scandium46Scsynth1.00infobox
Scandium47Scsynth1.00infobox
Scandium48Scsynth1.00infobox
ScandiumAppearancesilvery white1.00infobox
Scandiumat T (K)16451.00infobox
ScandiumAtomic number (Z)211.00infobox
ScandiumAtomic radiusempirical: 162 pm1.00infobox
ScandiumBlockd-block1.00infobox
ScandiumBoiling point3109 K ​(2836 °C, ​5136 °F)1.00infobox
ScandiumBrinell hardness736–1200 MPa1.00infobox
ScandiumBulk modulus56.6 GPa1.00infobox
ScandiumCAS Number7440-20-21.00infobox
ScandiumCovalent radius170±7 pm1.00infobox
ScandiumCrystal structure​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)1.00infobox
ScandiumDensity (at 20° C)2.989 g/cm31.00infobox
ScandiumDiscoveryLars Fredrik Nilson (1879)1.00infobox
ScandiumElectrical resistivityα, poly: 562 nΩ⋅m (at r.t., calculated)1.00infobox
ScandiumElectron configuration[Ar] 3d1 4s21.00infobox
ScandiumElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.361.00infobox
ScandiumElectrons per shell2, 8, 9, 21.00infobox
ScandiumFirst isolationW. Fischer, K. Brünger, H. Grieneisen (1937)1.00infobox
ScandiumGroupgroup 31.00infobox
ScandiumHeat of fusion14.1 kJ/mol1.00infobox
ScandiumHeat of vaporization332.7 kJ/mol1.00infobox
ScandiumIonization energies1st: 633.1 kJ/mol1.00infobox
ScandiumIonization energies2nd: 1235.0 kJ/mol1.00infobox

Related concept clusters Related term clusters

The concept neighborhoods around Scandium bring nearby vocabulary together. In this analysis, examples include Oxide, Aluminium and Compounds. Use the clusters to find adjacent concepts and terminology that may deserve separate research.

  • Scandium
    • Oxide
    • Aluminium
    • Compounds
    • Stable
    • Tonnes
    • Per
    • High
    • Alloys
    • Metal
    • Year
    • 45sc
    • States
  • scandium
    • Oxide
    • Aluminium
    • Compounds
    • Stable
    • Tonnes
    • Per
    • High
    • Alloys
    • Metal
    • Year
    • 45sc
    • States
  • aluminium alloys
    • Alloys
    • Aluminium
    • Yttrium
    • Applications
    • Titanium
    • Chemical
    • Production
    • Al3sc
    • Also
    • Made
    • Scandium
    • Sc
  • aluminium
    • Alloys
    • Yttrium
    • Chemical
    • Production
    • Applications
    • Titanium
    • Scandium
    • Sc
    • Compounds
    • Uranium
    • Halides
    • Metal
  • scandium oxide
    • Tonnes
    • Oxide
    • Scandium
    • Per
    • Year
    • Aluminium
    • Form
    • Use
    • Compounds
    • Stable
    • High
    • Alloys
  • scandium fluoride
    • Oxide
    • Aluminium
    • Compounds
    • Stable
    • Tonnes
    • Per
    • High
    • Alloys
    • Metal
    • Year
    • 45sc
    • States
  • aluminium hydroxide oxide
    • Tonnes
    • Alloys
    • Yttrium
    • Scandium
    • Per
    • Chemical
    • Production
    • Applications
    • Titanium
    • Year
    • Form
    • Sc
  • scandium triflate
    • Oxide
    • Aluminium
    • Compounds
    • Stable
    • Tonnes
    • Per
    • High
    • Alloys
    • Metal
    • Year
    • 45sc
    • States

Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

For Scandium, one of the stronger structural bridges in this analysis connects Scandium with Properties. Bridges highlight paths between different parts of the map and can reveal research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list.

Min side: 3
Scandium — Properties · splits 97 ⟂ 28
Scandium — Applications · splits 103 ⟂ 22
Scandium — Overview · splits 104 ⟂ 21
Scandium — Compounds · splits 108 ⟂ 17
Scandium — Production · splits 109 ⟂ 16
Scandium — History · splits 110 ⟂ 15
Scandium — Health and safety · splits 120 ⟂ 5

Map overview Semantic statistics

Scandium

Nodes125
Edges124
Triples140
Avg. degree1.98
Density0.016
Components1

Source & methodology

TTTA analyzes the structure around Scandium to surface related topics, entities, relationships, concept neighborhoods and bridge connections. Use the map to explore areas such as History, Applications & Art, including less central topics that may reveal useful research gaps. Automatically extracted connections are research leads rather than rewritten encyclopedia content.

Source: Wikipedia — Scandium · EN edition · Analysis: TopicsToTalkAbout

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