Research any topic before you write.

Find related topics. | Discover entities. | See connections. | Build a topical map.

Berkelium

Berkelium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) where it was discovered in December 1949.…

Characters, History & Applications

Use the mouse wheel or two fingers (on touchscreens) to zoom in and out of the map.

Research this topic

Explore the main themes, entities and connections around Berkelium. Start with the topic map, then use the sections below for research and deeper semantic analysis.

Explore this topic

Start with a few of the strongest sections from the source topic. These are research directions, not a list of keywords you must use.

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

245Bk
synth
246Bk
synth
247Bk
synth
248Bk
synth
249Bk
synth
Appearance
silvery

Topics to explore

Browse the full topic structure. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

Characteristics

History

Synthesis and extraction

Compounds

Applications

Nuclear fuel cycle

Health issues

Bibliography

  • ISBN ISBN (identifier)
  • Doi Doi (identifier)

Advanced semantic analysis

Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.

Map overview Semantic statistics

Berkelium

Nodes212
Edges211
Triples238
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.009434
Components1

How this topic connects Entity context

See the strongest relationship patterns around the current topic before diving into the raw triples.

Berkelium

Top relations

related to Bibliography · 26
Berkelium → Academic Press, Advances, Alan, Arnold, Berlin, Butterworth-Heinemann, Chemistry, Earnshaw, Elements, Greenwood, Gruyter, Harry Julius, Hobart, Holleman, In Emeléus, Inorganic Chemistry, ISBN, Nils, Norman, Oxford
related to history · 24
Berkelium → Albert Ghiorso, Although, Berkeley, Bk, California, Californian, December, Glenn, It, Johan Gadolin, Kenneth Street Jr, Marie, Pierre Curie, Previously, Seaborg, Similar, Stanley Gerald Thompson, Sweden, The, They
related to Bulk metal preparation · 23
Berkelium → Arco, Atomic Reactors, Burris, Cunningham, Dimitrovgrad, High Flux Isotope Reactor, Idaho, In, It, Material Testing Reactor, NIIAR, Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Research Institute, Russia, SM-2, Stanley Gerald Thompson, Tennessee, The, These
related to Separation · 21
Berkelium → Ag2S2O8, BiO, Bk, BrO, Cr2O2, CrO2, HDEHP, HOPO, III, It, IV, LI, More, O3, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PbO2, Reduction, The, These, This
has application · 14
Berkelium → Berkelium-249, Dubna, HFIR, It, JINR, Joint Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Nuclear Research, Oak Ridge, Russia, Russia-US, There, This, U400
related to Occurrence · 13
Berkelium → All, Analysis, Chernobyl, Earth, Enewetak Atoll, For, Ivy Mike, November, On Earth, Therefore, Three Mile Island, Thule Air Base B-52, United States
related to Allotropes · 11
Berkelium → ABAC, ABC, At, Fm3m, GPa, No, P63/mmc, The, This, Upon, When
related to Chemical · 9
Berkelium → Aqueous, Bk3, Bk4, However, III, In, Like, The, This
related to Oxides · 9
Berkelium → Bk2O3, BkO, BkO2, II, III, IV, Such, Two, Upon
related to Preparation of isotopes · 8
Berkelium → HFIR, High Flux Isotope Reactor, In, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Plutonium-239, Tennessee, The, US

Important terminology Word statistics

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

isotope iii nuclear berkelium-249 produced curium californium actinides element elements alpha first half-life reactor oxidation americium chemical phase laboratory isotopes

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Berkelium245Bksynth1.00infobox
Berkelium246Bksynth1.00infobox
Berkelium247Bksynth1.00infobox
Berkelium248Bksynth1.00infobox
Berkelium249Bksynth1.00infobox
BerkeliumAppearancesilvery1.00infobox
BerkeliumAtomic number (Z)971.00infobox
BerkeliumAtomic radiusempirical: 170 pm1.00infobox
BerkeliumBlockf-block1.00infobox
BerkeliumBoiling pointbeta: 2900 K ​(2627 °C, ​4760 °F)1.00infobox
BerkeliumCAS Number7440-40-61.00infobox
BerkeliumCrystal structure​double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp)1.00infobox
BerkeliumDensity (near r.t.)alpha: 14.78 g/cm3 beta: 13.25 g/cm31.00infobox
BerkeliumDiscoveryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1949)1.00infobox
BerkeliumElectron configuration[Rn] 5f9 7s21.00infobox
BerkeliumElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.31.00infobox
BerkeliumElectrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 21.00infobox
BerkeliumGroupf-block groups (no number)1.00infobox
BerkeliumHeat of fusion7.92 kJ/mol (calculated)1.00infobox
BerkeliumIonization energies1st: 601 kJ/mol1.00infobox
BerkeliumMagnetic orderingparamagnetic1.00infobox
BerkeliumMain isotopes.mw-parser-output .isotopes-table{text-align:center;width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .isotopes-table-headers>:not(:first-child){padding:0…1.00infobox
BerkeliumMelting pointbeta: 1259 K ​(986 °C, ​1807 °F)1.00infobox
BerkeliumNamingafter Berkeley, California, where it was discovered1.00infobox
BerkeliumNatural occurrencesynthetic1.00infobox
BerkeliumOxidation statescommon: +3 +2, +4, +51.00infobox
BerkeliumPeriodperiod 71.00infobox
BerkeliumPhase .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}at STPsolid1.00infobox
BerkeliumPronunciation/bərˈkiːliəm/ ⓘ (bər-KEE-lee-əm)1.00infobox
BerkeliumPronunciation/ˈbɜːrkliəm/ ⓘ (BUR-klee-əm)1.00infobox

Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods

These clusters group vocabulary that occurs around closely connected concepts in the source material.

    Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

    Bridges can reveal useful research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list of related terms.

    Min side: 3
    For writers, content strategists, SEOs, marketers and creators — from quick topic research to advanced semantic analysis.