Interactive map loads when it comes into view.
Use the mouse wheel or two fingers (on touchscreens) to zoom in and out of the map.
Research this topic
Explore the main themes, entities and connections around PL/I. Start with the topic map, then use the sections below for research and deeper semantic analysis.
Explore this topic
Start with a few of the strongest sections from the source topic. These are research directions, not a list of keywords you must use.
Early history
21 related topics
Standardization
18 related topics
Implementations
71 related topics
PL/I dialects
34 related topics
Key facts & relationships
High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.
- Designed by
- IBM, SHARE Language Development Committee, ISO
- First appeared
- 1964; 62 years ago (1964)
- Paradigm
- Procedural, imperative, structured
Topics to explore
A structured outline of related entities, concepts and subtopics. Open any item to build a new map centered on it.Browse the full topic structure. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.
Overview
- Procedural Procedural programming
- Imperative Imperative programming
- Programming language
- IBM
- American National Standards Institute
- Technical standard
- Data processing
- Numerical computation
- Scientific computing
- System programming
- Recursion
- Structured programming
- Linked data structure
- Fixed-point Fixed-point arithmetic
- Floating-point
- Complex Complex arithmetic
- Character string String (computer science)
- Bit string
- Pascal Pascal (programming language)
- Descriptors Data descriptor
- Multithreading Thread (computing)
- Join Fork–join model
- Process Process (computing)
- Preprocessor
- Case statement
Early history
- Computer hardware
- Autocoders Autocoder
- COMTRAN
- COBOL
- Fortran
- ALGOL
- GEORGE GEORGE (programming language)
- IBM System/360
- SHARE SHARE (computing)
- Roman numeral
- Hursley IBM Hursley
- GUIDE GUIDE International
- IBM Laboratory Vienna
- Formal Methods
- VDM Vienna Development Method
- Fred Brooks
- Data type
- Christopher J. Date
- Relational database
- Edgar Codd
- Multics
Goals and principles
- Event-driven programming
- Extensibility
- Machine independence Cross-platform software
- Block structure Block (programming)
- Algol 60
- Call by reference
- Call by value
- Strong typing
- Glyphs
- Reserved words
- Orthogonality Orthogonality (programming)
- Exception handling
- Macros Macro (computer science)
Language summary
- Multi-tasking Computer multitasking
- PL/I preprocessor
- Scale factor
- Micro Focus
Standardization
- ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association
- Program optimization
- General Motors
- C.A.R. Hoare
- ICL International Computers Limited
- Honeywell
- CDC Control Data Corporation
- Data General
- Digital Equipment Corporation
- Prime Computer
- Burroughs Burroughs Corporation
- RCA RCA Corporation
- Univac
- Eastman Kodak
- MITRE
- Union Carbide
- Bell Laboratories
- Argonne National Laboratory
Implementations
- Hursley Laboratories
- System/360
- Compiler
- OS/360
- Runtime library
- Assembly language
- List processing
- LOCATE-mode I/O
- TSS/360
- System/360 Model 67
- DOS/360
- MIT
- High-level language High-level programming language
- Bell Labs
- Douglas McIlroy
- Robert Morris Robert Morris (cryptographer)
- TMG TMG (language)
- PL/S
- Virtual memory
- DOS/VS DOS/360 and successors
- OS/VS1
- OS/VS2
- VM/370
- Plug-compatible machines Plug compatible
- Dave Cutler
- VAX/VMS
- VAX
- Alpha DEC Alpha
- Tru64
- UniPrise Systems
PL/I dialects
- PL/S IBM PL/S
- Z/VSE
- Z/VM
- IBM Db2
- Machine Interface System/38
- AS/400
- Control Program Facility
- XPF IBM i
- OS/400
- IBM RS64
- PowerPC
- Power ISA
- PL.8
- IBM 801
- Motorola 68000
- System/370
- Millicode
- Firmware
- Z/Architecture
- 64-bit
- Honeywell, Inc.
- PL-6
- CP-6 Honeywell CP-6
- System programming languages System programming language
- PRIMOS
- Operating system
- PL/P
- XPL
- HAL/S
- SabreTalk
Usage
- Mainframes Mainframe computer
- Windows
- AIX AIX operating system
- OpenVMS
- Unix
- SAS System SAS (software)
- System Network Architecture
- IA-64
- Database
- Transaction processing
- CICS
- IMS Information Management System
- Oracle Oracle Database
- C++
- Java Java (programming language)
Evolution of the PL/I language
- Classes Class (programming)
- Millennium problem Y2K problem
Criticisms
- Side effects Side effect (computer science)
- Aliasing Aliasing (computing)
- Syntax Syntax (programming languages)
- Fortune Fortune (Unix)
- Pointers Pointer (computer programming)
- Functions Function (computer science)
- Lisp Lisp programming language
- C preprocessor
Special topics in PL/I
- Stack frame
- Linked list
- Heaps Heap (programming)
Textbooks
- ISBN ISBN (identifier)
Standards
Reference manuals
Advanced semantic analysis
Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.
Map overview Semantic statistics
Number of nodes, edges, triples, density and central hubs. Use it to gauge the size and connectivity of the map.PL/I
Nodes233
Edges232
Triples558
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.008584
Components1
How this topic connects Entity context
Quick relationship hints grouped by predicate. Useful for spotting recurring semantic connections around the current entity.See the strongest relationship patterns around the current topic before diving into the raw triples.
PL/I
Top relations
related to Reference manuals · 61
PL/I → AA-H952E-TM, AG94-02, Burroughs Corporation, C28-6571, CDC, CDC Cyber, Conversational Programming Language User's, DEC-10-LCPUA-A-D, December, Detroit, Digital Equipment Corporation, Ed, Enterprise PL/I, Facom OS IV PL/I, Farmingdale, Form SC26-4308, Framingham, Fujitsu Ltd, GC33-0009, Honeywell
related to PL/I dialects · 56
PL/I → All, Almost, Apple, Architecture, AS/400, BSL, Control Data Corporation STAR-100, Cornell University, CP-6, General Motors Research Laboratories, HAL/S, Honeywell, IBM, IBM Db2, IBM Research, IBM RS64, IMPI, Inc, Intermetrics, It
related to Textbooks · 48
PL/I → Abrahams, Addison-wesley, Algorithms, An Introduction, Anderson, Ann Arbor, Barnes, Books, Computing Laboratory, Courant Mathematics, Demand, Engineering, Germany, Groner, Hughes, Introduction, ISBN, Joan, Lawson, Mainframe
related to history · 36
PL/I → ALGOL, April, Autocoders, Business, COBOL, COMTRAN, Control, Formal Methods, Fortran, GEORGE, Given, GUIDE, Hursley, IBM, IBM Laboratory Vienna, IBM UK Laboratory, IBM's, IBMers, In, In October
related to Standardization · 35
PL/I → ANSI, ANSI X3J1, April, Bell Laboratories, Burroughs, CDC, Composite Language Development Committee, Data General, Digital Equipment Corporation, Eastman Kodak, ECMA TC/10, ECMA TC10, Europe, Further, General Motors, GY33-6003, Hoare, Honeywell, IBM, ICL
related to Other mainframe and minicomputer compilers · 34
PL/I → ANSI, ANSI Programming Language PL/I, ANSI X3, ANSI-G, AOS, AOS/VS, AOS/VS II, B6700, B7700, Burroughs Corporation, CDC, CIMS PL/I, Cyber, Data General, Eclipse, Eclipse MV, From, Fujitsu, IBM PL/I, IBM Series/1 PL/I
related to IBM PL/I F and D compilers · 28
PL/I → Areas, Aspects, Based Variables, Clarke, DO-loops, Each, Fortran, Hursley, Hursley Laboratories, IBM, In, John Nash's, LOCATE-mode I/O, Nobby, Offsets, OS/360, OS/360 Operating System, PL/I RECORD I/O, Pointers, Release
related to DEC PL/I · 25
PL/I → Alpha, ANSI X3, Dave Cutler, DEC PL/I, Digital, Digital Equipment Corporation's VAX-11, During, IBM's, It, Kednos, Kednos PL/I, Multics, October, Perhaps, PL/I General Purpose Subset, Robert Freiburghouse, The, Tru64, UniPrise Systems, VAX
related to PL/I compilers for personal computers and Unix · 24
PL/I → AIX, CP/M, CP/M-86, Digital Research, GCC, IBM, IBM PC, IBM PC DOS, In, Iron Spring PL/I, It, Liant, Linux, Micro Focus, MS-DOS, Open PL/I, OS/2, PL/I-80, PL/I-86, PL/M
related to External links · 21
PL/I → Adventure, AIX, David Sligar, EclipsePower, GitHub, IBM PL/I, IBM PL/I Compilers, Linux, Migration SolutionOS PL/I V2R3, MVS, Open-source Windows NT PL/I, OS, OS/2Micro Focus' Mainframe PL/I, PL/1, PLI-2000, Softpanorama PL/1, SourceForgePL/I, The PL/I LanguagePL1GCC, Version, VM
Important terminology Word statistics
Frequent words and multi-word phrases across the lead, headings, infobox and body. Useful for terminology coverage.Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.
Important terminology
pl language compiler ibm programming system data used fortran compilers written cobol program use standard os operating features storage new
Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples
Extracted RDF-like relationships with confidence and source. The table includes structured facts and lower-confidence contextual relations.| Subject | Predicate | Object | Confidence | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL/I | Designed by | IBM, SHARE Language Development Committee, ISO | 1.00 | infobox |
| PL/I | First appeared | 1964; 62 years ago (1964) | 1.00 | infobox |
| PL/I | Paradigm | Procedural, imperative, structured | 1.00 | infobox |
| PL/I | Website | www.ibm.com/products/pli-compiler-zos | 1.00 | infobox |
| PL/I | is a | ANSI G implementation for the VOS operating system.IBM Series/1 PL/I is an extended subset of ANSI Programming Language PL/I | 0.90 | text |
| multi-tasking | instance of | Features | 0.80 | text |
| the PL/I preprocessor are not in the Standard but are supported in the PL/I F compiler | instance of | Features | 0.80 | text |
| some other implementations are discussed in the Language evolution section | instance of | Features | 0.80 | text |
| cascading diagnostics | instance of | it succeeded in eliminating the annoyances of PL/I F | 0.80 | text |
| IBM's PL/I F compiler | instance of | Programs that ran without errors under the SP/k compilers produced the same results under other contemporary PL/I compilers | 0.80 | text |
| IBM's checkout compiler or Cornell University's PL/C compiler.Other examples are PL0 by P | instance of | Programs that ran without errors under the SP/k compilers produced the same results under other contemporary PL/I compilers | 0.80 | text |
| subtraction of two infinite values.The ANYCONDITION condition is provided to intercept conditions for which no specific ON-unit has been provided in the current procedure.The STORAGE condition is raised when an ALLOCATE statement is unable to obtain sufficient storage.Other mainframe | instance of | as well as illegal arithmetic operations | 0.80 | text |
No triples extracted yet.
Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods
Clusters of nearby vocabulary surrounding the topic. Scan them for adjacent concepts and language you may have missed.These clusters group vocabulary that occurs around closely connected concepts in the source material.
Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges
Bridge nodes connect otherwise separate parts of the map. Expand a row to inspect the topic groups on each side.Bridges can reveal useful research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list of related terms.
For writers, content strategists, SEOs, marketers and creators — from quick topic research to advanced semantic analysis.