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Fortran: History, Technology, Standards & Science

Fortran (/ˈfɔːrtræn/; formerly FORTRAN) is a third-generation, compiled, imperative programming language designed for numeric computation and scientific computing.

Language: English [EN]
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Fortran topic overview

The analysis highlights History, Technology, Standards and Science as prominent areas in the source structure around Fortran.

Related topics
231
Source areas
9
Connected nodes
240
Extracted relationships
403
Concept neighborhoods
63
Bridge connections
240

What this topic covers Research coverage

Source areas are shown by the number of related topics found in each part of the analysis. Use smaller areas too: they can reveal specialized angles and content gaps.

Historical variants · 50 topics
Evolution · 48 topics
Origins · 45 topics
Overview · 34 topics
Science and engineering · 26 topics
Modern Fortran · 19 topics
Naming · 4 topics
Portability · 4 topics
Humor · 1 topics

Smaller areas are not necessarily less important. They contain fewer connections in this analysis and can be useful for finding specialized angles or coverage gaps.

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

Designed by
John Backus
Developer
John Backus and IBM
Filename extensions
.f90, .f, .for
First appeared
1957; 69 years ago (1957)
Paradigm
Multi-paradigm: structured, imperative (procedural, object-oriented), generic, array
Stable release
Fortran 2023 (ISO/IEC 1539:2023) / November 17, 2023; 2 years ago (2023-11-17)

Explore all related topics Closing gaps

Browse the complete topic structure, not only the most central items. Less prominent entities and concepts can reveal missing angles, specialized context and useful research gaps. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

Naming

Origins

Evolution

Modern Fortran

Science and engineering

Portability

Historical variants

Humor

Advanced semantic analysis

Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.

How Fortran connects Entity context

The extracted context around Fortran shows recurring relationship patterns in the source. For example, Fortran → ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Also, American National Standard, American National Standards Institute, ANSI, ANSI X3, Archived, August, Base, Computer, Draft, Final Draft International Standard, Geneva, GKS, Graphical Kernel System, Industrial Real-Time FORTRAN, Informally, Information, ISO, ISO/IEC Another extracted example is Fortran → An, April, Archived February, Backus Papers, California, Computer History MuseumValmer Norrod, Computer Science Corporation El, Congress, Eijkhout, FORTRAN II, Fortran2008, GFortran, History, HPC, Introduction, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5, Leibniz Supercomputing Centre, Library, Manuscript Division, Martha Horton. Use these groups to spot repeated connection types before inspecting the individual relationships.

Fortran

Top relations

related to Further reading · 38
Fortran → ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Also, American National Standard, American National Standards Institute, ANSI, ANSI X3, Archived, August, Base, Computer, Draft, Final Draft International Standard, Geneva, GKS, Graphical Kernel System, Industrial Real-Time FORTRAN, Informally, Information, ISO, ISO/IEC
related to External links · 37
Fortran → An, April, Archived February, Backus Papers, California, Computer History MuseumValmer Norrod, Computer Science Corporation El, Congress, Eijkhout, FORTRAN II, Fortran2008, GFortran, History, HPC, Introduction, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5, Leibniz Supercomputing Centre, Library, Manuscript Division, Martha Horton
related to Origins · 36
Fortran → A-0 System, April, As, Autocode, Backus, Best, Brooker, David Sayre, Ferranti Mercury, Grace Murray Hopper, Halcombe Laning, Harlan Herrick, Harold Stern, Heinz Rutishauser, IBM, In, Irving Ziller, Its, John, Laning
related to FORTRAN 66 · 30
Fortran → American National Standards Institute, American Standard Fortran, American Standards Association, ANSI, BACKSPACE, Basic FORTRAN, BEMA, Business Equipment Manufacturers Association, COMPLEX, DATAprogram, DIMENSION, DOUBLE PRECISION, FORTRAN II, FORTRAN IV, FUNCTION, I/OFORMATstatement, IFstatementsDOloop, Main, March, PAUSE
related to FORTRAN 77 · 28
Fortran → After, Allowed, ANSI, April, ASCII, Association, BEMA, BlockIFandEND IFstatements, CBEMA, CLOSE, Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers, Defense, Department, Final, Hollerith, I/O, I/OCHARACTERdata, IFandELSEclauses, LGE, LGT
related to FORTRAN · 27
Fortran → ASSIGN, DIMENSIONandEQUIVALENCEstatementsAssignment, DIVIDE CHECK, DRUMOther I/O, END FILE, FORMAT, GO TO, I/O, IBM, IF, IF ACCUMULATOR OVERFLOW, IF QUOTIENT OVERFLOW, LIGHT, PRINT, READ, READ DRUM, READ INPUT TAPE, READ TAPE, REWIND, SENSE LIGHT
related to Science and engineering · 19
Fortran → Although, BASIC, Cecil, CFP2006, CFP2017, IMSL, In, It, Jay Pasachoff, LAPACK, Leith, Many, Math, Modula-2, NAG, Numerical Recipes, Pascal, So, SPEC
related to Fortran 90 · 17
Fortran → ANSI Standard, Blanks, CASE, CASE DEFAULT, COS, DOstatement, END SELECTconstruct, Free-form, In, Inline, ISO/IEC, Line, Lowercase Fortran, RECURSIVE, The, Typically, WHEREstatement
related to Manufacturer versions · 17
Fortran → Another, Blatt, Daniel, Data General Corp, Eclipse, FORTRAN IV Programming, Guide, It, John, McCracken's, MV, Nonetheless, Nova, One, Some, The, Until
related to Fortran-based languages · 13
Fortran → C-like, Despite, EFL, FLECS, MORTRAN, Popular, Prior, Ratfiv, Ratfor, S-Fortran, SFtran, The PFORT, These

Important terminology

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

standard language ibm programming compiler compilers iso isbn features code 77 program 90 statements computer used data support also new

Fortran relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

TTTA extracted 403 structured relationships around Fortran. Examples in this analysis include Fortran → Designed by → John Backus and Fortran → Developer → John Backus and IBM. The table shows each extracted connection, where it came from and its confidence.

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
FortranDesigned byJohn Backus1.00infobox
FortranDeveloperJohn Backus and IBM1.00infobox
FortranFilename extensions.f90, .f, .for1.00infobox
FortranFirst appeared1957; 69 years ago (1957)1.00infobox
FortranParadigmMulti-paradigm: structured, imperative (procedural, object-oriented), generic, array1.00infobox
FortranStable releaseFortran 2023 (ISO/IEC 1539:2023) / November 17, 2023; 2 years ago (2023-11-17)1.00infobox
FortranTyping disciplineStrong, static, manifest1.00infobox
FortranWebsitefortran-lang.org1.00infobox
electrical engineering.By 1960instance ofThe inclusion of a complex number data type in the language made Fortran especially suited to technical applications0.80text
versions of FORTRAN were available for the IBM 709instance ofThe inclusion of a complex number data type in the language made Fortran especially suited to technical applications0.80text
650instance ofThe inclusion of a complex number data type in the language made Fortran especially suited to technical applications0.80text
1620instance ofThe inclusion of a complex number data type in the language made Fortran especially suited to technical applications0.80text

Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods

The concept neighborhoods around Fortran bring nearby vocabulary together. In this analysis, examples include Language, Standard and Programming. Use the clusters to find adjacent concepts and terminology that may deserve separate research.

  • Fortran
    • Language
    • Standard
    • Programming
    • Features
    • Compiler
    • Iv
    • Ibm
    • Compilers
    • Iso
    • New
    • Code
    • Support
  • fortran
    • Language
    • Standard
    • Programming
    • Features
    • Compiler
    • Iv
    • Ibm
    • Compilers
    • Iso
    • New
    • Code
    • Support
  • programming language
    • Programming
    • Support
    • Languages
    • System
    • Code
    • Ibm
    • Used
    • Standard
    • Pdf
    • Computer
    • Data
    • Features
  • ibm
    • Computer
    • System
    • Versions
    • Compiler
    • Iv
    • Language
    • Early
    • Program
    • Could
    • Statements
    • Also
    • Used
  • computer programs
    • Ibm
    • Early
    • Used
    • Many
    • Compiler
    • Could
    • Developed
    • Languages
    • System
    • Support
    • Language
    • Standards
  • fortran 95
    • Language
    • Standard
    • Programming
    • Features
    • Compiler
    • Iv
    • Ibm
    • Compilers
    • Iso
    • New
    • Code
    • Support
  • ibm 519
    • Computer
    • System
    • Versions
    • Compiler
    • Iv
    • Language
    • Early
    • Program
    • Could
    • Statements
    • Also
    • Used
  • assembly language
    • Programming
    • Languages
    • System
    • Support
    • Code
    • Ibm
    • Used
    • Standard
    • Computer
    • Data
    • Developed
    • Could

Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

For Fortran, one of the stronger structural bridges in this analysis connects Fortran with Historical variants. Bridges highlight paths between different parts of the map and can reveal research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list.

Min side: 3
FortranHistorical variants · splits 190 ⟂ 51
FortranEvolution · splits 192 ⟂ 49
FortranOrigins · splits 195 ⟂ 46
FortranOverview · splits 206 ⟂ 35
FortranScience and engineering · splits 214 ⟂ 27
FortranModern Fortran · splits 221 ⟂ 20
FortranNaming · splits 236 ⟂ 5
FortranPortability · splits 236 ⟂ 5

Map overview Semantic statistics

Fortran

Nodes241
Edges240
Triples403
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.008299
Components1

Source & methodology

TTTA analyzes the structure around Fortran to surface related topics, entities, relationships, concept neighborhoods and bridge connections. Use the map to explore areas such as History, Technology, Standards & Science, including less central topics that may reveal useful research gaps. Automatically extracted connections are research leads rather than rewritten encyclopedia content.

Source: Wikipedia — Fortran · EN edition · Analysis: TopicsToTalkAbout

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