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Sapphire

Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide (α-Al2O3) with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, cobalt, lead, chromium, vanadium, magnesium, boron, and silicon. The name sapphire is derived from the Latin word sapphirus, itself from the Greek word sappheiros (σάπφειρος, itself from a Semit…

History, Culture & Applications

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Natural sapphires

31 related topics

Colors

38 related topics

Historical and cultural references

15 related topics

Mining

18 related topics

Key facts & relationships

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Birefringence
0.008
Category
Oxide mineral
Cleavage
Poor
Color
Typically blue, but varies
Crystal class
Hexagonal scalenohedral (3m) H-M symbol: (32/m)
Crystal habit
As crystals, massive and granular

Topics to explore

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Overview

Natural sapphires

Colors

Cause of color

Mining

Treatments

Synthetic sapphire

Historical and cultural references

Advanced semantic analysis

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Map overview Semantic statistics

Sapphire

Nodes218
Edges217
Triples293
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.009174
Components1

How this topic connects Entity context

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Sapphire

Top relations

related to Natural sapphires · 30
Sapphire → Afghanistan, Although, Australia, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Ethiopia, For, India, Jammu, Kashmir, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Montana, Mozambique, Myanmar
has treatment · 25
Sapphire → As, At, August, Bill Richards, Carats, Different, Evidence, Gem Industry, However, Intergem's, It, Roman, Sapphire Marketer Upsets The, Sapphires, Schticks, The, The Wall Street Journal, This, Un-heated, Upon
related to Mining · 25
Sapphire → Afghanistan, Australia, Because, Burma, Cambodia, China, Colombia, Commercial, India, Kashmir, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Myanmar/Burma, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sapphires, Sri Lanka
related to Historical and cultural references · 23
Sapphire → An Italian, August, During, English, Etymologically, European, French, Greek, Hebrew, Hindu, Latin, Mary, Medieval Ages, Pope Innocent III, Queen, Queen Elizabeth II, Queensland, Roman, Saturn, Scots
related to Star sapphire · 23
Sapphire → Adam, American Museum, At, Bombay, During, If, India, Misshapen, National Museum, Natural History, New York City, Occasionally, Pure Land, Queensland, Ratnapura, Since, Sri Lanka, Star, The, The Black Star
has method · 17
Sapphire → Another, Bridgman, Chemical Vapor Deposition, CVD, Czochralski, Edge-defined Film-fed Growth, EFG, Heat Exchanger Method, HEM, In, It, Russia, Stöber, Synthetic, The, Then, United States
related to Color-change sapphire · 16
Sapphire → Color, Color-change, Daylight, However, Madagascar, Mogok, Myanmar, SPD, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, The, This, Thus, Two, Verneuil, Virtually
related to Large rubies and sapphires · 15
Sapphire → America Star Sapphire, As, Bangkok-based Lotus Gemology, California, Circa, Fallbrook, Large, Life, November, Pride, Roy Whetstine, This, Tucson, Ward, Whetstine
related to Cause of color · 14
Sapphire → Al3, An, Because, Cr3, Fe2, Fe3, If Fe2, Rubies, Sometimes, The, This, Ti4, Unlike, When
related to Dopants · 13
Sapphire → Artificial, Chemical, Czochralski, However, In, Jan Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Many, One, Polish, The, This, Verneuil

Important terminology Word statistics

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Important terminology

sapphires color crystal blue corundum ruby also natural titanium used star synthetic iron found light process chromium rubies colors stones

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
SapphireBirefringence0.0081.00infobox
SapphireCategoryOxide mineral1.00infobox
SapphireCleavagePoor1.00infobox
SapphireColorTypically blue, but varies1.00infobox
SapphireCrystal classHexagonal scalenohedral (3m) H-M symbol: (32/m)1.00infobox
SapphireCrystal habitAs crystals, massive and granular1.00infobox
SapphireCrystal systemTrigonal1.00infobox
SapphireDiaphaneityTransparent to nearly opaque1.00infobox
SapphireFormulaAluminium oxide, Al2O31.00infobox
SapphireFractureConchoidal, splintery1.00infobox
SapphireFusibilityInfusible1.00infobox
SapphireLusterVitreous1.00infobox
SapphireMelting point2,030–2,050 °C1.00infobox
SapphireMohs scale hardness9.01.00infobox
SapphireOptical propertiesUniaxial (–), Abbe number 72.21.00infobox
SapphireOther characteristicsCoefficient of thermal expansion (5.0–6.6)×10−6/K [citation needed] relative permittivity at 20 °C ε = 8.9–11.1 (anisotropic)1.00infobox
SapphirePleochroismStrong1.00infobox
SapphireRefractive indexnω = 1.768–1.772 nε = 1.760–1.7631.00infobox
SapphireSolubilityInsoluble1.00infobox
SapphireSpace groupR3c1.00infobox
SapphireSpecific gravity3.98–4.061.00infobox
SapphireStreakColorless1.00infobox
SapphireTwinningBoth growth twins (in various orientations) and polysynthetic glide twinning on the rhombohedron [10111.00infobox
Sapphirecausesthe planet Saturn0.90text
Sapphireis aprecious gemstone0.90text
Sapphireis adelicate one0.90text
Sapphireis atype of sapphire that exhibits a star-like phenomenon known as asterism0.90text
Sapphireis atraditional gift for a 45th wedding anniversary.A sapphire jubilee occurs after 65 years0.90text
Sapphireis abirthstone of September.An Italian superstition holds that sapphires are amulets against eye problems0.90text
Sapphireis aofficial state gem of Queensland0.90text

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