Research any topic before you write.

Find related topics. | Discover entities. | See connections. | Build a topical map.

Tourmaline: History, Species and varieties & Physical properties

Tourmaline (/ˈtʊərməlɪn, -ˌliːn/ ⓘ TOOR-mə-lin, -⁠leen) is a crystalline silicate mineral group in which boron is compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. This gemstone comes in a wide variety of colors.

Language: English [EN]
Use the mouse wheel or two fingers (on touchscreens) to zoom in and out of the map.
100%
More settings
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Tourmaline topic overview

The analysis highlights History, Species and varieties and Physical properties as prominent areas in the source structure around Tourmaline.

Related topics
130
Source areas
7
Connected nodes
137
Extracted relationships
339
Concept neighborhoods
16
Bridge connections
137

What this topic covers Research coverage

Source areas are shown by the number of related topics found in each part of the analysis. Use smaller areas too: they can reveal specialized angles and content gaps.

Species and varieties · 39 topics
Localities · 25 topics
Overview · 24 topics
Physical properties · 22 topics
Chemical composition · 9 topics
Geology · 7 topics
History · 4 topics

Smaller areas are not necessarily less important. They contain fewer connections in this analysis and can be useful for finding specialized angles or coverage gaps.

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

Absorption spectra
Strong narrow band at 498 nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640 nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad…
Birefringence
−0.018 to −0.040; typically about −0.020 but in dark stones it may reach −0.040
Category
Cyclosilicate
Cleavage
Indistinct
Color
Most commonly black, but can range from colorless to brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, pink, or hues in-between. It can also be bi-colored, or even tri-colored. R…
Crystal class
Ditrigonal pyramidal (3m) H-M symbol: (3m)

Explore all related topics Closing gaps

Browse the complete topic structure, not only the most central items. Less prominent entities and concepts can reveal missing angles, specialized context and useful research gaps. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

History

Species and varieties

Chemical composition

Physical properties

Geology

Localities

Advanced semantic analysis

Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.

How Tourmaline connects Entity context

The extracted context around Tourmaline shows recurring relationship patterns in the source. For example, Tourmaline → About, Abt, Akademie, American Mineralogist, Anzeiger, Austria, Batalha, Bernhardt, Brazil, Color, Cuprian Elbaite, Dravite, Elbaite, Ertl, Etymology, Excess Boron, Fritsch, Gemstones, Historical Review, Investigations Another extracted example is Tourmaline → Al6, Barton, BO3, California, Campo, Czech Republic, Donnay, Elba, Elba Island, Elbait, Fonte, H8Na2Li3Al3B6Al12Si12O62, HAl6B2Si4O21, In, Italy, Johan August Arfwedson, Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg, Li, Li-rich, Li-tourmaline. Use these groups to spot repeated connection types before inspecting the individual relationships.

Tourmaline

Top relations

related to General and cited sources · 47
Tourmaline → About, Abt, Akademie, American Mineralogist, Anzeiger, Austria, Batalha, Bernhardt, Brazil, Color, Cuprian Elbaite, Dravite, Elbaite, Ertl, Etymology, Excess Boron, Fritsch, Gemstones, Historical Review, Investigations
related to Elbaite · 40
Tourmaline → Al6, Barton, BO3, California, Campo, Czech Republic, Donnay, Elba, Elba Island, Elbait, Fonte, H8Na2Li3Al3B6Al12Si12O62, HAl6B2Si4O21, In, Italy, Johan August Arfwedson, Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg, Li, Li-rich, Li-tourmaline
related to Dravite · 31
Tourmaline → Al, Austria, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Carinthia, Dobrova, Drau, Drava, Drava River, Drave, Dravite, Dravograd, German, Gustav Tschermak, Latin, Lehrbuch, Mg, Mineralogie, Mineralogy, NaMg3, OH
related to Chemical composition · 21
Tourmaline → Al, BB, BO3, Ca, Cr3, Fe2, Fe3, Its, Li, Mg, Mn2, Na, OH, OW, Si, T6O18, The, Ti4, V3, XY3Z6
related to Schorl · 21
Tourmaline → Beginning, Bergpostill, English, German, German-speaking, Germany, In, In English, It, Johannes Mathesius, Ore Mountains, Sarepta, Saxony, Schorl, Schurel, Schurl, Schörl, Schörle, The, Up
related to Brazil · 19
Tourmaline → Almost, Bahia, Billionaire Business Enterprises, Brazil, Brazilian, Canada, It, Material, Minas Gerais, Montreal, Much, Norte, October, Owned, Paraiba, Paraíba, Quebec, Rio Grande, The
related to Further reading · 19
Tourmaline → American Mineralogist, Andreas, Barbara, Bibcode, Darrell, Dutrow, Ertl, Federico, Frank, Hawthorne, Henry, Milan, Nomenclature, Novák, Pavel, Pezzotta, S2CID, Tourmaline-Supergroup Minerals, Uher
related to Localities · 17
Tourmaline → Afghanistan, Africa, Asia, Brazil, Gem, India, Indonesia, It, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania
related to Color · 16
Tourmaline → An, Andrew Grima, Bi-colored, British, Cincinnati Art Museum, Crystals, Due, During, Iron-rich, Italy, Kimberly Klosterman, Mn2, Mn3, Rarely, Some, The
related to Crystal structure · 13
Tourmaline → All, An, Australia, Because, Bundles, Each, It, Prisms, Small, The, This, Units, Yinnietharra

Important terminology

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

elbaite green pink color dravite found tourmalines crystal blue red mineral california schorl crystals gem first maine used paraiba type

Tourmaline relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

TTTA extracted 339 structured relationships around Tourmaline. Examples in this analysis include Tourmaline → Absorption spectra → Strong narrow band at 498 nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640 nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad… and Tourmaline → Birefringence → −0.018 to −0.040; typically about −0.020 but in dark stones it may reach −0.040. The table shows each extracted connection, where it came from and its confidence.

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
TourmalineAbsorption spectraStrong narrow band at 498 nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640 nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad…1.00infobox
TourmalineBirefringence−0.018 to −0.040; typically about −0.020 but in dark stones it may reach −0.0401.00infobox
TourmalineCategoryCyclosilicate1.00infobox
TourmalineCleavageIndistinct1.00infobox
TourmalineColorMost commonly black, but can range from colorless to brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, pink, or hues in-between. It can also be bi-colored, or even tri-colored. R…1.00infobox
TourmalineCrystal classDitrigonal pyramidal (3m) H-M symbol: (3m)1.00infobox
TourmalineCrystal habitParallel and elongated; acicular prisms, sometimes radiating; massive; scattered grains (in granite)1.00infobox
TourmalineCrystal systemTrigonal1.00infobox
TourmalineDensity2.82–3.321.00infobox
TourmalineDiaphaneityTranslucent to opaque1.00infobox
TourmalineDispersion0.0171.00infobox
TourmalineFormula.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:l…1.00infobox
TourmalineFractureUneven, small conchoidal1.00infobox
TourmalineIMA symbolTur1.00infobox
TourmalineLusterVitreous, sometimes resinous1.00infobox
TourmalineMohs scale hardness7.0–7.51.00infobox
TourmalineOptical propertiesDouble-refractive, uniaxial negative1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismTypically moderate to strong1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismRed: definite; dark red, light red1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismGreen: strong; dark green, yellow-green1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismBrown: definite; dark brown, light brown1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismBlue: strong; dark blue, light blue1.00infobox
TourmalinePolish lusterVitreous1.00infobox
TourmalineRefractive indexnω = 1.635–1.675 nε = 1.610–1.6501.00infobox
TourmalineSpace groupR3m (no. 160)1.00infobox
TourmalineSpecific gravity3.06+0.20–0.061.00infobox
TourmalineStreakWhite1.00infobox
TourmalineTenacityBrittle1.00infobox
TourmalineUltraviolet fluorescencePink stones; inert to very weak red to violet in long and short wave1.00infobox
Tourmalineis aonly blue gemstone of any kind that will show a drag response when a neodymium magnet is applied0.90text

Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods

The concept neighborhoods around Tourmaline bring nearby vocabulary together. In this analysis, examples include Paraiba, First and Variety. Use the clusters to find adjacent concepts and terminology that may deserve separate research.

  • mineral group
    • Elbaite
    • Sodium
    • Group
    • Mineral
    • Varieties
    • Iron
    • Structure
    • Species
    • California
    • Crystal
    • Schorl
    • Dravite
  • maine mineral & gem museum
    • Group
    • Gem
    • Maine
    • Tourmalines
    • California
    • Iron
    • First
    • Species
    • Tourmaline
    • Schorl
    • Elbaite
    • Found
  • elbaite
    • Group
    • Schorl
    • Species
    • Blue
    • Red
    • Color
    • Brazil
    • Green
    • Italy
    • Oh
    • Pink
    • Varieties
  • pala, california
    • First
    • Group
    • Structure
    • Pink
    • Maine
    • Crystal
    • Elbaite
    • Found
    • Also
    • Brazil
    • Oh
    • Varieties
  • california
    • First
    • Group
    • Structure
    • Pink
    • Maine
    • Crystal
    • Elbaite
    • Found
    • Also
    • Brazil
    • Oh
    • Varieties
  • species and varieties
    • Schorl
    • Oh
    • Varieties
    • Dravite
    • Elbaite
    • Variety
    • Green
    • Also
    • Brazil
    • Brown
    • Italy
    • New
  • iron
    • Schorl
    • Sodium
    • Blue
    • Species
    • Mineral
    • Red
    • Elbaite
    • Green
    • Italy
    • Varieties
    • Variety
    • Colors
  • brazil
    • Color
    • Elbaite
    • Also
    • Oh
    • Varieties
    • Group
    • Pdf
    • Structure
    • Maine
    • Species
    • California
    • Paraiba

Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

For Tourmaline, one of the stronger structural bridges in this analysis connects Tourmaline with Species and varieties. Bridges highlight paths between different parts of the map and can reveal research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list.

Min side: 3
TourmalineSpecies and varieties · splits 98 ⟂ 40
TourmalineLocalities · splits 112 ⟂ 26
TourmalineOverview · splits 113 ⟂ 25
TourmalinePhysical properties · splits 115 ⟂ 23
TourmalineChemical composition · splits 128 ⟂ 10
TourmalineGeology · splits 130 ⟂ 8
TourmalineHistory · splits 133 ⟂ 5

Map overview Semantic statistics

Tourmaline

Nodes138
Edges137
Triples339
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.014493
Components1

Source & methodology

TTTA analyzes the structure around Tourmaline to surface related topics, entities, relationships, concept neighborhoods and bridge connections. Use the map to explore areas such as History, Species and varieties & Physical properties, including less central topics that may reveal useful research gaps. Automatically extracted connections are research leads rather than rewritten encyclopedia content.

Source: Wikipedia — Tourmaline · EN edition · Analysis: TopicsToTalkAbout

For writers, content strategists, SEOs, marketers and creators — from quick topic research to advanced semantic analysis.