Research any topic before you write.

Find related topics. | Discover entities. | See connections. | Build a topical map.

Group 12 element

Group 12, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table. It includes zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and copernicium (Cn). Formerly this group was named IIB (pronounced as "group two B", as the "II" is a Roman numeral) by CAS and old IUPAC system.

History & Applications

Use the mouse wheel or two fingers (on touchscreens) to zoom in and out of the map.

Research this topic

Explore the main themes, entities and connections around Group 12 element. Start with the topic map, then use the sections below for research and deeper semantic analysis.

Explore this topic

Start with a few of the strongest sections from the source topic. These are research directions, not a list of keywords you must use.

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

IUPAC group number
IUPAC group number12 Name by elementzinc group CAS group number (US, pattern A-B-A)IIB old IUPAC number (Europe, pattern A-B)IIB

Topics to explore

Browse the full topic structure. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

Physical and atomic properties

Chemistry

History

Occurrence

Production

Applications

Biological role and toxicity

Advanced semantic analysis

Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.

Map overview Semantic statistics

Group 12 element

Nodes219
Edges218
Triples86
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.009132
Components1

How this topic connects Entity context

See the strongest relationship patterns around the current topic before diving into the raw triples.

Group 12 element

Top relations

related to Occurrence · 20
Group 12 element → Although, As, CdS, Chalcophiles, Copernicium, Earth's, Greenockite, Group, HgS, It, Like, No, One, Siberia, Sphalerite, The, This, Vilyuy River, Zinc, ZnS
related to Copernicium · 16
Group 12 element → Applied Chemistry, Copernicus, Darmstadt, February, Germany, Gesellschaft, GSI, International Union, It, IUPAC, Nicolaus Copernicus, Pure, Schwerionenforschung, Sigurd Hofmann, The, Victor Ninov
has application · 15
Group 12 element → Alloys, Brass, CP, Due, For, Group, In, Other, Roughly, The, These, United States, US, Zamak, Zinc
related to Biological role and toxicity · 10
Group 12 element → Harmful, In, It, National Research Council, RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance, The, There, Tolerable Upper Intake, Zinc
related to Relationship with the alkaline earth metals · 10
Group 12 element → Although, CrS, FeS, For, However, II, Indeed, It, This, ZnS
related to Physical and atomic properties · 7
Group 12 element → Cadmium, It, Like, Mercury, The, They, Zinc
IUPAC group number · 1
Group 12 element → IUPAC group number12 Name by elementzinc group CAS group number (US, pattern A-B-A)IIB old IUPAC number (Europe, pattern A-B)IIB

Important terminology Word statistics

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

mercury zinc cadmium metals group metal used elements 12 copernicium copper alloys form also common many known aluminium iron gold

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Group 12 elementIUPAC group numberIUPAC group number12 Name by elementzinc group CAS group number (US, pattern A-B-A)IIB old IUPAC number (Europe, pattern A-B)IIB1.00infobox
gallium arsenide.Zincinstance ofthough gallium participates in semi-conductors0.80text
cadmium are electropositive while mercury is notinstance ofthough gallium participates in semi-conductors0.80text
the aqua ionsinstance ofBoth zinc and cadmium can also form octahedral complexes0.80text
brass that have been found to be over 2000 years oldinstance ofbut it has been called group IIB in the past.ZincZinc has been found being used in impure forms in ancient times as well as in alloys0.80text
brass that have been found to be over 2000 years oldinstance ofZincZinc has been found being used in impure forms in ancient times as well as in alloys0.80text
copernicium are produced by bombarding lighter elements in particle accelerators that induces fusion reactionsinstance ofMercury is extracted by heating cinnabar in a current of air and condensing the vapor.Superheavy elements0.80text
in zincinstance ofZinc is used as an anode material for batteries0.80text
Group 12 elementhas applicationDue0.60section
Group 12 elementhas applicationZinc0.60section
Group 12 elementhas applicationThese0.60section
Group 12 elementhas applicationGroup0.60section

Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods

These clusters group vocabulary that occurs around closely connected concepts in the source material.

    Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

    Bridges can reveal useful research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list of related terms.

    Min side: 3
    For writers, content strategists, SEOs, marketers and creators — from quick topic research to advanced semantic analysis.