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Parmeliaceae: Characters & History

The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: Xanthoparmelia (822 species), Usnea (355 species), Parmotrema (255 species), and Hypotrachyna (262 species).

Language: English [EN]
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Parmeliaceae topic overview

The analysis highlights Characters and History as prominent areas in the source structure around Parmeliaceae.

Related topics
232
Source areas
9
Connected nodes
241
Extracted relationships
242
Concept neighborhoods
38
Bridge connections
241

What this topic covers Research coverage

Source areas are shown by the number of related topics found in each part of the analysis. Use smaller areas too: they can reveal specialized angles and content gaps.

Genera · 111 topics
Characteristics · 33 topics
Overview · 23 topics
Image gallery · 17 topics
Generic classification · 13 topics
Taxonomy · 12 topics
Conservation · 10 topics
Evolutionary history · 9 topics
Diversification · 4 topics

Smaller areas are not necessarily less important. They contain fewer connections in this analysis and can be useful for finding specialized angles or coverage gaps.

Explore all related topics Closing gaps

Browse the complete topic structure, not only the most central items. Less prominent entities and concepts can reveal missing angles, specialized context and useful research gaps. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

Taxonomy

Generic classification

Evolutionary history

Diversification

Characteristics

Genera

Conservation

Image gallery

Advanced semantic analysis

Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.

How Parmeliaceae connects Entity context

The extracted context around Parmeliaceae shows recurring relationship patterns in the source. For example, Parmeliaceae → Ach, Adans, Ahtiana Goward, Alectoria Ach, Allantoparmelia, Allocetraria Kurok, Anzia Stizenb, Arctocetraria Kärnefelt, Arctoparmelia Hale, Arg, Articus, Asahina, Asahinea, Austromelanelixia Divakar, Austroparmelina, Awasthi, Blanco, Boluda, Brodo, Brodoa Goward Another extracted example is Parmeliaceae → Alectoriaceae, Alectorioid, Anziaceae, Based, Cetrarioid, However, Hypogymniaceae, Hypogymnioid, Letharioid, Parmelioid, Phylogenetic, Psiloparmelioid, The Parmelioid, This, Usneaceae, Usneoid. Use these groups to spot repeated connection types before inspecting the individual relationships.

Parmeliaceae

Top relations

related to Genera · 145
Parmeliaceae → Ach, Adans, Ahtiana Goward, Alectoria Ach, Allantoparmelia, Allocetraria Kurok, Anzia Stizenb, Arctocetraria Kärnefelt, Arctoparmelia Hale, Arg, Articus, Asahina, Asahinea, Austromelanelixia Divakar, Austroparmelina, Awasthi, Blanco, Boluda, Brodo, Brodoa Goward
related to Taxonomy · 16
Parmeliaceae → Alectoriaceae, Alectorioid, Anziaceae, Based, Cetrarioid, However, Hypogymniaceae, Hypogymnioid, Letharioid, Parmelioid, Phylogenetic, Psiloparmelioid, The Parmelioid, This, Usneaceae, Usneoid
related to Diversification · 15
Parmeliaceae → Across, Bryoria, Cohort, Differences, Flavoparmelia, Graphidaceae, Hypogymnia, Hypotrachyna, Myr, Oligocene, Parmotrema, That, Time-calibrated, Usnea, Xanthoparmelia
related to Chemistry · 14
Parmeliaceae → Bulbothrix, Cetraria, Cetraria-type, Evernia, Garhwal Himalaya, Hypotrachyna, Members, Parmelia, Parmelioid, Parmotrema, The, This, Usnea, Xanthoparmelia-type
related to Generic classification · 13
Parmeliaceae → By, Cetrelia, For, Mason Hale, Neofuscelia, Parmelia, Parmotrema, Physcia, The, These, When Erik Acharius, Xanthoparmelia, Xanthoria
related to Thallus · 12
Parmeliaceae → Hypogymnia, Many, Medulla, Menegazzia, Nesolechia, Only, Raesaenenia, Species, The, They, Two, Usnea
related to history · 8
Parmeliaceae → Although, An Anzia, Cretaceous, Myr, Myr-old Baltic, Myr-old Dominican, Paleogene, Parmelia
related to Conservation · 6
Parmeliaceae → Anzia, Hypotrachyna, IUCN Red List, Lethariella, Sulcaria, Xanthoparmelia
related to Photobiont · 5
Parmeliaceae → Asterochloris, In, Some Parmeliaceae, The, Trebouxia
is a · 2
Parmeliaceae → large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes, little studied subject

Important terminology

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

spp species genera family hale xanthoparmelia parmelia usnea sp parmotrema hypotrachyna divakar crespo groups several ach kärnefelt genus cetraria elix

Parmeliaceae relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

TTTA extracted 242 structured relationships around Parmeliaceae. Examples in this analysis include Parmeliaceae → is a → large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes and Parmeliaceae → is a → little studied subject. The table shows each extracted connection, where it came from and its confidence.

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Parmeliaceaeis alarge and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes0.90text
Parmeliaceaeis alittle studied subject0.90text
lobe shapesinstance ofwhen Mason Hale and others proposed numerous new genera based primarily on morphological features0.80text
rhizine typesinstance ofwhen Mason Hale and others proposed numerous new genera based primarily on morphological features0.80text
and cortical chemistry.The advent of molecular phylogenetics techniques in the late 1990s provided new tools for evaluating which morphologicalinstance ofwhen Mason Hale and others proposed numerous new genera based primarily on morphological features0.80text
chemical characters were most reliable for defining generainstance ofwhen Mason Hale and others proposed numerous new genera based primarily on morphological features0.80text
thallus growth forminstance ofsome previously emphasised features0.80text
the presence of specific cortical substances have been shown to be more variable within lineages than previously thought.Modern molecular studies have established that approximately 75instance ofsome previously emphasised features0.80text
Parmeliaceaerelated to ChemistryMembers0.60section
Parmeliaceaerelated to ChemistryXanthoparmelia-type0.60section
Parmeliaceaerelated to ChemistryCetraria-type0.60section
Parmeliaceaerelated to ChemistryThe0.60section

Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods

The concept neighborhoods around Parmeliaceae bring nearby vocabulary together. In this analysis, examples include Species, Several and Myr. Use the clusters to find adjacent concepts and terminology that may deserve separate research.

  • genera
    • Species
    • Usnea
    • Morphological
    • Cetraria
    • Genus
    • Groups
    • Parmeliaceae
    • Clades
    • Molecular
    • Parmelioid
    • Parmelia
    • Several
  • xanthoparmelia
    • Parmotrema
    • Usnea
    • Hypotrachyna
    • Groups
    • Lineages
    • Molecular
    • Family
    • Species
    • Parmeliaceae
    • Clades
    • Diversification
    • Hypogymnia
  • xanthoparmelia beccae
    • Parmotrema
    • Usnea
    • Hypotrachyna
    • Groups
    • Lineages
    • Molecular
    • Family
    • Species
    • Parmeliaceae
    • Clades
    • Diversification
    • Hypogymnia
  • species
    • Parmeliaceae
    • Genus
    • Several
    • Xanthoparmelia
    • Cetraria
    • Parmelioid
    • Hypotrachyna
    • Parmotrema
    • Usnea
    • Clades
    • Menegazzia
    • Morphological
  • parmotrema
    • Xanthoparmelia
    • Hypotrachyna
    • Lineages
    • Molecular
    • Usnea
    • Clades
    • Hypogymnia
    • Myr
    • Parmelioid
    • Two
    • Genus
    • Species
  • parmotrema reticulatum
    • Xanthoparmelia
    • Hypotrachyna
    • Lineages
    • Molecular
    • Usnea
    • Clades
    • Hypogymnia
    • Myr
    • Parmelioid
    • Two
    • Genus
    • Species
  • Parmeliaceae
    • Species
    • Several
    • Myr
    • Xanthoparmelia
    • Clades
    • Molecular
    • Two
    • Genus
    • Parmelia
    • Diversification
    • Parmelioid
    • Parmotrema
  • parmeliaceae
    • Species
    • Several
    • Myr
    • Xanthoparmelia
    • Clades
    • Molecular
    • Two
    • Genus
    • Parmelia
    • Diversification
    • Parmelioid
    • Parmotrema

Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

For Parmeliaceae, one of the stronger structural bridges in this analysis connects Parmeliaceae with Genera. Bridges highlight paths between different parts of the map and can reveal research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list.

Min side: 3
Parmeliaceae — Genera · splits 130 ⟂ 112
Parmeliaceae — Characteristics · splits 208 ⟂ 34
Parmeliaceae — Overview · splits 218 ⟂ 24
Parmeliaceae — Image gallery · splits 224 ⟂ 18
Parmeliaceae — Generic classification · splits 228 ⟂ 14
Parmeliaceae — Taxonomy · splits 229 ⟂ 13
Parmeliaceae — Conservation · splits 231 ⟂ 11
Parmeliaceae — Evolutionary history · splits 232 ⟂ 10
Parmeliaceae — Diversification · splits 237 ⟂ 5

Map overview Semantic statistics

Parmeliaceae

Nodes242
Edges241
Triples242
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.008264
Components1

Source & methodology

TTTA analyzes the structure around Parmeliaceae to surface related topics, entities, relationships, concept neighborhoods and bridge connections. Use the map to explore areas such as Characters & History, including less central topics that may reveal useful research gaps. Automatically extracted connections are research leads rather than rewritten encyclopedia content.

Source: Wikipedia — Parmeliaceae · EN edition · Analysis: TopicsToTalkAbout

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