PetroleumPetroleum, also known as crude oil or simply oil, is a natural resource that appears as a yellowish-black liquid chemical mixture found in geological formations, consisting…View analysis →
BiodiversityBiodiversity is the variability of life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels, for example, genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and phylogenetic…View analysis →
Climate changePresent-day climate change includes both global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its wider effects on Earth's climate system. In a broader sense…View analysis →
Air pollutionAir pollution is the presence of substances in the air that are harmful to humans, other living beings or the environment. Pollutants can be gases, like ozone or nitrogen oxides…View analysis →
Renewable energyRenewable energy (also called green energy) is energy made from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale. The most widely used renewable energy types…View analysis →
Nuclear reactorA nuclear reactor is a device used to sustain a controlled fission nuclear chain reaction. They are used for commercial electricity, marine propulsion, weapons production, and…View analysis →
Nuclear powerNuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently…View analysis →
Plastic pollutionPlastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles (e.g. plastic bottles, bags and microbeads) in the Earth's environment that adversely affects humans…View analysis →
Coal miningCoal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate…View analysis →
Climate change mitigationClimate change mitigation, also called decarbonisation, is an action to limit the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause climate change. Climate change mitigation actions…View analysis →
EcologyEcology (from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos) 'house' and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment…View analysis →
Marine pollutionMarine pollution occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as industrial, agricultural, and residential waste; particles; noise; excess carbon dioxide; or invasive…View analysis →
Light pollutionLight pollution is the alteration of the natural patterns of light and dark in ecosystems, resulting from the unnecessary and inefficient use of artificial lighting. Specific…View analysis →
Solar energySolar energy is the radiant energy from the Sun's light and heat, which can be harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar electricity, solar thermal energy (including…View analysis →
EcosystemAn ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment, where the biotic and abiotic components are linked together through…View analysis →
Compressed natural gasCompressed natural gas (CNG) is fuel gas composed primarily of methane (CH4), compressed to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored in…View analysis →
Wind turbineA wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. As of 2024, hundreds of thousands of large turbines, in installations known as wind…View analysis →
PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics…View analysis →
Marine conservationMarine conservation, also known as ocean conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas through planned management in order to prevent the…View analysis →
BiomeA biome (/ˈbaɪ.oʊm/ BY-ohm) is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, animal life, and an ecosystem. It consists of a biological community that has…View analysis →
Offshore wind powerOffshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the generation of electricity through wind farms in bodies of water, usually at sea. Due to a lack of obstacles out at sea versus…View analysis →
PaleoclimatologyPaleoclimatology (British spelling, palaeoclimatology) is the scientific study of climates predating the invention of meteorological instruments, when no direct, artificial…View analysis →
Nuclear power plantA nuclear power plant (NPP), also known as a nuclear power station (NPS), nuclear generating station (NGS) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the…View analysis →
Abiogenic petroleum originThe abiogenic petroleum origin hypothesis proposes that most of Earth's petroleum and natural gas deposits were formed inorganically, commonly known as abiotic oil. Scientific…View analysis →
Nonpoint source pollutionNonpoint source (NPS) pollution refers to diffuse contamination (or pollution) of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source. This type of pollution is…View analysis →
Forest ecologyForest ecology is the scientific study of the interrelated patterns, processes, flora, fauna, funga, and ecosystems in forests. The management of forests is known as forestry…View analysis →
Climate modelNumerical climate models (or climate system models, or earth system models) are mathematical models that can simulate the interactions of important drivers of climate. These…View analysis →
Environmental resource managementEnvironmental resource management or environmental management is the management of the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment. It is not, as the phrase…View analysis →
ClimatologyClimatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "slope"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged…View analysis →
Wildlife conservationWildlife conservation refers to the practice of protecting wild species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore, protect or…View analysis →
Ecological sanitationEcological sanitation, commonly abbreviated as ecosan (also spelled eco-san or EcoSan), and also known as circular sanitation as a reference to the circular economy, is an…View analysis →
Climate change feedbacksClimate change feedbacks are natural processes that impact how much global temperatures will increase for a given amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Positive feedbacks amplify…View analysis →
Concentrator photovoltaicsConcentrator photovoltaics (CPV), also called concentrating photovoltaics or concentration photovoltaics, is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight…View analysis →
Petroleum jellyPetroleum jelly, petrolatum (/ˌpɛtrəˈleɪtəm/), white petrolatum, soft paraffin, or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon…View analysis →
Ecosystem collapseAn ecosystem, short for ecological system, is defined as a collection of interacting organisms within a biophysical environment. Ecosystems are never static, and are continually…View analysis →
Ecological interface designEcological interface design (EID) is an approach to interface design that was introduced specifically for complex sociotechnical, real-time, and dynamic systems. It has been…View analysis →
