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Integer square root
In number theory, the integer square root (isqrt) of a non-negative integer n is the non-negative integer m which is the greatest integer less than or equal to the square root of n, isqrt ( n ) = ⌊ n ⌋ . {\displaystyle \operatorname {isqrt} (n)=\lfloor {\sqrt {n}}\rfloor .}
Algorithm using Newton's method, Karatsuba square root algorithm & Introductory remark