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Female genital mutilation: History & Regions

Female genital mutilation (FGM) (also known as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision) is the cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva for non-medical reasons. FGM prevalence varies worldwide, but is significantly present in some countries of Africa, Asia, and Middle East, and within their…

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Female genital mutilation topic overview

The analysis highlights History and Regions as prominent areas in the source structure around Female genital mutilation.

Related topics
257
Source areas
9
Connected nodes
266
Extracted relationships
179
Concept neighborhoods
34
Bridge connections
266

What this topic covers Research coverage

Source areas are shown by the number of related topics found in each part of the analysis. Use smaller areas too: they can reveal specialized angles and content gaps.

Overview · 63 topics
Complications · 42 topics
History · 36 topics
Distribution · 30 topics
Reasons · 29 topics
Opposition and legal status · 26 topics
Terminology · 19 topics
Criticism of opposition · 11 topics
Methods · 1 topics

Smaller areas are not necessarily less important. They contain fewer connections in this analysis and can be useful for finding specialized angles or coverage gaps.

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

Age
Days after birth to puberty
Ages 0–14
Gambia (56%) · Mauritania (54%) · Indonesia (49%, 0–11) · Guinea (46%) · Eritrea (33%)
Ages 15–49
Somalia (98%) · Guinea (97%) · Djibouti (93%) · Sierra Leone (90%) · Mali (89%)
Areas
Africa, Southeast Asia, Middle East, and within communities from these areas
Definition
"Partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons" (WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 1997).
Numbers
Over 230 million women and girls worldwide: 144 million in Africa, 80 million in Asia, 6 million in Middle East, and 1-2 million in other parts of the world (as of 2024)

Explore all related topics Closing gaps

Browse the complete topic structure, not only the most central items. Less prominent entities and concepts can reveal missing angles, specialized context and useful research gaps. Each item opens a new analysis centered on that subject.

Overview

Terminology

Methods

Complications

Distribution

Reasons

History

Opposition and legal status

Criticism of opposition

Advanced semantic analysis

Deeper signals for content research, entity SEO and topical coverage. The plain-language headings explain what each technical view is useful for.

How Female genital mutilation connects Entity context

The extracted context around Female genital mutilation shows recurring relationship patterns in the source. For example, Female genital mutilation → American, American Ethnologist, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Romans, Arabic, Bambara, Children, Church, Communities, Egypt, English, Females, FGC, FGM, FGM/C, Fran Hosken, From, Genital, Health, Igbo Another extracted example is Female genital mutilation → Benin (9%), Burkina Faso (76%), Cameroon (1%), Central African Republic (24%), Chad (44%), Côte d'Ivoire (38%), Djibouti (93%), Egypt (87%), Eritrea (83%), Ethiopia (74%), Gambia (75%), Ghana (4%), Guinea (97%), Guinea-Bissau (45%), Iraq (8%), Kenya (21%), Liberia (50%), Mali (89%), Mauritania (69%), Niger (2%). Use these groups to spot repeated connection types before inspecting the individual relationships.

Female genital mutilation

Top relations

related to Terminology · 45
Female genital mutilation → American, American Ethnologist, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Romans, Arabic, Bambara, Children, Church, Communities, Egypt, English, Females, FGC, FGM, FGM/C, Fran Hosken, From, Genital, Health, Igbo
Ages 15–49 · 29
Female genital mutilation → Benin (9%), Burkina Faso (76%), Cameroon (1%), Central African Republic (24%), Chad (44%), Côte d'Ivoire (38%), Djibouti (93%), Egypt (87%), Eritrea (83%), Ethiopia (74%), Gambia (75%), Ghana (4%), Guinea (97%), Guinea-Bissau (45%), Iraq (8%), Kenya (21%), Liberia (50%), Mali (89%), Mauritania (69%), Niger (2%)
Ages 0–14 · 21
Female genital mutilation → Benin (0.2%), Burkina Faso (13%), Central African Republic (1%), Côte d'Ivoire (10%), Egypt (14%), Eritrea (33%), Ethiopia (24%), Gambia (56%), Ghana (1%), Guinea (46%), Guinea-Bissau (30%), Indonesia (49%, 0–11), Kenya (3%), Mauritania (54%), Nigeria (17%), Senegal (13%), Sierra Leone (13%), Sudan (32%), Togo (0.3%), Uganda (1%)
related to United Nations · 20
Female genital mutilation → Africa, China, Declaration, Elimination, February, FGM, Florence, General Assembly, Gerry Mackie, In, In December, Intensifying, International Day, UN, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, United Nations General Assembly, Violence Against Women, Zero Tolerance
related to Tolerance versus human rights · 19
Female genital mutilation → According, African, Africans, American, Anthropologists, Commentators, Examples, FGM, FGM's, Judeo-Christian, Kenyan, Muslim, Obioma Nnaemeka, Pulitzer-prize-winning, Sylvia Tamale, The, Ugandan, West's, Western
related to Red Sea slave trade · 16
Female genital mutilation → According, African, An, Females, Islamic Middle East, João, Mackie, Masters, Mogadishu, Portuguese, Red Sea, Research, Santos, Thus, Whatever, Women
see also · 7
Female genital mutilation → Australia, Day, Dishonour, EmasculationGenital, Female Genital MutilationNo FGM, FGM, Zero Tolerance
related to External links · 6
Female genital mutilation → Dishonour, Female, Media, Wikimedia Commons Quotations, WikiquoteFilm, Wiktionary-logo-en-v2
Age · 1
Female genital mutilation → Days after birth to puberty
Areas · 1
Female genital mutilation → Africa, Southeast Asia, Middle East, and within communities from these areas

Important terminology

Use these terms to understand the vocabulary surrounding the topic, not as a checklist for keyword stuffing.

Important terminology

fgm women female girls practice type cut countries genital infibulation circumcision unicef percent sudan africa according egypt mutilation may health

Female genital mutilation relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

TTTA extracted 179 structured relationships around Female genital mutilation. Examples in this analysis include Female genital mutilation → Age → Days after birth to puberty and Female genital mutilation → Ages 0–14 → Gambia (56%). The table shows each extracted connection, where it came from and its confidence.

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Female genital mutilationAgeDays after birth to puberty1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Gambia (56%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Mauritania (54%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Indonesia (49%, 0–11)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Guinea (46%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Eritrea (33%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Sudan (32%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Guinea-Bissau (30%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Ethiopia (24%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Nigeria (17%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Yemen (15%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Egypt (14%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Burkina Faso (13%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Sierra Leone (13%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Senegal (13%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Côte d'Ivoire (10%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Kenya (3%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Uganda (1%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Central African Republic (1%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Ghana (1%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Togo (0.3%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 0–14Benin (0.2%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 15–49Somalia (98%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 15–49Guinea (97%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 15–49Djibouti (93%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 15–49Sierra Leone (90%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 15–49Mali (89%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 15–49Egypt (87%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 15–49Sudan (87%)1.00infobox
Female genital mutilationAges 15–49Eritrea (83%)1.00infobox

Related concept clusters Concept neighborhoods

The concept neighborhoods around Female genital mutilation bring nearby vocabulary together. In this analysis, examples include Genital, Circumcision and Mutilation. Use the clusters to find adjacent concepts and terminology that may deserve separate research.

  • Female genital mutilation
    • Genital
    • Circumcision
    • Mutilation
    • Fgm
    • Removal
    • Also
    • Practice
    • United
    • Women
    • Type
    • Including
    • Known
  • female genital mutilation
    • Mutilation
    • Genital
    • Circumcision
    • Sexual
    • Fgm
    • Practice
    • Women
    • Removal
    • Also
    • First
    • United
    • Procedures
  • fgm prevalence
    • Women
    • Countries
    • Percent
    • United
    • Unicef
    • Genital
    • Practice
    • Somalia
    • First
    • Procedures
    • According
    • Girls
  • africa
    • Somalia
    • Countries
    • Unicef
    • Sudan
    • Prevalence
    • Egypt
    • Infibulation
    • Percent
    • Fgm
    • Practice
    • Type
    • Found
  • unicef
    • According
    • African
    • United
    • Age
    • Procedures
    • Health
    • Practice
    • Percent
    • Prevalence
    • Including
    • Removal
    • Women
  • female sexuality
    • Genital
    • Circumcision
    • Mutilation
    • Fgm
    • Removal
    • Also
    • Practice
    • United
    • Women
    • Type
    • Including
    • Known
  • prohibition of female circumcision act 1985
    • Genital
    • Circumcision
    • Female
    • Mutilation
    • Known
    • Fgm
    • Infibulation
    • Removal
    • Also
    • Practice
    • United
    • Women
  • female genital mutilation act 2003
    • Mutilation
    • Genital
    • Circumcision
    • Sexual
    • Fgm
    • Practice
    • Women
    • Removal
    • Also
    • First
    • United
    • Procedures

Connections between topic areas Semantic bridges

For Female genital mutilation, one of the stronger structural bridges in this analysis connects Female genital mutilation with Overview. Bridges highlight paths between different parts of the map and can reveal research angles that are easy to miss in a flat list.

Min side: 3
Female genital mutilation — Overview · splits 203 ⟂ 64
Female genital mutilation — Complications · splits 224 ⟂ 43
Female genital mutilation — History · splits 230 ⟂ 37
Female genital mutilation — Distribution · splits 236 ⟂ 31
Female genital mutilation — Reasons · splits 237 ⟂ 30
Female genital mutilation — Opposition and legal status · splits 240 ⟂ 27
Female genital mutilation — Terminology · splits 247 ⟂ 20
Female genital mutilation — Criticism of opposition · splits 255 ⟂ 12

Map overview Semantic statistics

Female genital mutilation

Nodes267
Edges266
Triples179
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.007491
Components1

Source & methodology

TTTA analyzes the structure around Female genital mutilation to surface related topics, entities, relationships, concept neighborhoods and bridge connections. Use the map to explore areas such as History & Regions, including less central topics that may reveal useful research gaps. Automatically extracted connections are research leads rather than rewritten encyclopedia content.

Source: Wikipedia — Female genital mutilation · EN edition · Analysis: TopicsToTalkAbout

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