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In spiritualism, ectoplasm, also known as simply ecto, is a substance or spiritual energy "exteriorized" by physical mediums. It was coined in 1894 by psychical researcher Charles Richet. The parapsychological term is also found in popular culture; however, there is currently no scientific evidence that ectoplasm exists. Some purported examples have been…
Cultures & Science
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ectoplasm psychical also medium mediums substance physical mediumship photographs researcher exposed claimed fraudulent schrenck-notzing magazine force fraud cheesecloth muslin used
| Subject | Predicate | Object | Confidence | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| levitation had occurred with Goligher | instance of | no paranormal phenomena | 0.80 | text |
| stated he had found evidence of fraud | instance of | no paranormal phenomena | 0.80 | text |
| those used in slate-writing | instance of | Hereward Carrington exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums | 0.80 | text |
| table-turning | instance of | Hereward Carrington exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums | 0.80 | text |
| trumpet mediumship | instance of | Hereward Carrington exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums | 0.80 | text |
| materializations | instance of | Hereward Carrington exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums | 0.80 | text |
| sealed-letter reading | instance of | Hereward Carrington exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums | 0.80 | text |
| spirit photography.In the early 20th century the psychical researcher Albert von Schrenck-Notzing investigated medium Eva Carrière | instance of | Hereward Carrington exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums | 0.80 | text |
| claimed her ectoplasm | instance of | Hereward Carrington exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums | 0.80 | text |
| butter-muslin | instance of | wrote that ectoplasm in many cases had proven to be composed of home material | 0.80 | text |
| and that there was no solid evidence that it had anything to do with spirits.Photographs taken by Thomas Glendenning Hamilton of ectoplasm reveal it to be made of tissue paper | instance of | wrote that ectoplasm in many cases had proven to be composed of home material | 0.80 | text |
| magazine cut-outs of people | instance of | wrote that ectoplasm in many cases had proven to be composed of home material | 0.80 | text |
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