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Tourmaline

Tourmaline (/ˈtʊərməlɪn, -ˌliːn/ ⓘ TOOR-mə-lin, -⁠leen) is a crystalline silicate mineral group in which boron is compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. This gemstone comes in a wide variety of colors.

History, Species and varieties & Physical properties

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Species and varieties

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Physical properties

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Localities

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Geology

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Key facts & relationships

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Absorption spectra
Strong narrow band at 498 nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640 nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad…
Birefringence
−0.018 to −0.040; typically about −0.020 but in dark stones it may reach −0.040
Category
Cyclosilicate
Cleavage
Indistinct
Color
Most commonly black, but can range from colorless to brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, pink, or hues in-between. It can also be bi-colored, or even tri-colored. R…
Crystal class
Ditrigonal pyramidal (3m) H-M symbol: (3m)

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Overview

History

Species and varieties

Chemical composition

Physical properties

Geology

Localities

Advanced semantic analysis

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Map overview Semantic statistics

Tourmaline

Nodes138
Edges137
Triples339
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.014493
Components1

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Tourmaline

Top relations

related to General and cited sources · 47
Tourmaline → About, Abt, Akademie, American Mineralogist, Anzeiger, Austria, Batalha, Bernhardt, Brazil, Color, Cuprian Elbaite, Dravite, Elbaite, Ertl, Etymology, Excess Boron, Fritsch, Gemstones, Historical Review, Investigations
related to Elbaite · 40
Tourmaline → Al6, Barton, BO3, California, Campo, Czech Republic, Donnay, Elba, Elba Island, Elbait, Fonte, H8Na2Li3Al3B6Al12Si12O62, HAl6B2Si4O21, In, Italy, Johan August Arfwedson, Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg, Li, Li-rich, Li-tourmaline
related to Dravite · 31
Tourmaline → Al, Austria, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Carinthia, Dobrova, Drau, Drava, Drava River, Drave, Dravite, Dravograd, German, Gustav Tschermak, Latin, Lehrbuch, Mg, Mineralogie, Mineralogy, NaMg3, OH
related to Chemical composition · 21
Tourmaline → Al, BB, BO3, Ca, Cr3, Fe2, Fe3, Its, Li, Mg, Mn2, Na, OH, OW, Si, T6O18, The, Ti4, V3, XY3Z6
related to Schorl · 21
Tourmaline → Beginning, Bergpostill, English, German, German-speaking, Germany, In, In English, It, Johannes Mathesius, Ore Mountains, Sarepta, Saxony, Schorl, Schurel, Schurl, Schörl, Schörle, The, Up
related to Brazil · 19
Tourmaline → Almost, Bahia, Billionaire Business Enterprises, Brazil, Brazilian, Canada, It, Material, Minas Gerais, Montreal, Much, Norte, October, Owned, Paraiba, Paraíba, Quebec, Rio Grande, The
related to Further reading · 19
Tourmaline → American Mineralogist, Andreas, Barbara, Bibcode, Darrell, Dutrow, Ertl, Federico, Frank, Hawthorne, Henry, Milan, Nomenclature, Novák, Pavel, Pezzotta, S2CID, Tourmaline-Supergroup Minerals, Uher
related to Localities · 17
Tourmaline → Afghanistan, Africa, Asia, Brazil, Gem, India, Indonesia, It, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania
related to Color · 16
Tourmaline → An, Andrew Grima, Bi-colored, British, Cincinnati Art Museum, Crystals, Due, During, Iron-rich, Italy, Kimberly Klosterman, Mn2, Mn3, Rarely, Some, The
related to Crystal structure · 13
Tourmaline → All, An, Australia, Because, Bundles, Each, It, Prisms, Small, The, This, Units, Yinnietharra

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Important terminology

elbaite green pink color dravite found tourmalines crystal blue red mineral california schorl crystals gem first maine used paraiba type

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
TourmalineAbsorption spectraStrong narrow band at 498 nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640 nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad…1.00infobox
TourmalineBirefringence−0.018 to −0.040; typically about −0.020 but in dark stones it may reach −0.0401.00infobox
TourmalineCategoryCyclosilicate1.00infobox
TourmalineCleavageIndistinct1.00infobox
TourmalineColorMost commonly black, but can range from colorless to brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, pink, or hues in-between. It can also be bi-colored, or even tri-colored. R…1.00infobox
TourmalineCrystal classDitrigonal pyramidal (3m) H-M symbol: (3m)1.00infobox
TourmalineCrystal habitParallel and elongated; acicular prisms, sometimes radiating; massive; scattered grains (in granite)1.00infobox
TourmalineCrystal systemTrigonal1.00infobox
TourmalineDensity2.82–3.321.00infobox
TourmalineDiaphaneityTranslucent to opaque1.00infobox
TourmalineDispersion0.0171.00infobox
TourmalineFormula.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:l…1.00infobox
TourmalineFractureUneven, small conchoidal1.00infobox
TourmalineIMA symbolTur1.00infobox
TourmalineLusterVitreous, sometimes resinous1.00infobox
TourmalineMohs scale hardness7.0–7.51.00infobox
TourmalineOptical propertiesDouble-refractive, uniaxial negative1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismTypically moderate to strong1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismRed: definite; dark red, light red1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismGreen: strong; dark green, yellow-green1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismBrown: definite; dark brown, light brown1.00infobox
TourmalinePleochroismBlue: strong; dark blue, light blue1.00infobox
TourmalinePolish lusterVitreous1.00infobox
TourmalineRefractive indexnω = 1.635–1.675 nε = 1.610–1.6501.00infobox
TourmalineSpace groupR3m (no. 160)1.00infobox
TourmalineSpecific gravity3.06+0.20–0.061.00infobox
TourmalineStreakWhite1.00infobox
TourmalineTenacityBrittle1.00infobox
TourmalineUltraviolet fluorescencePink stones; inert to very weak red to violet in long and short wave1.00infobox
Tourmalineis aonly blue gemstone of any kind that will show a drag response when a neodymium magnet is applied0.90text

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