SurveillanceSurveillance is the systematic observation and monitoring of a person, population, or location, with the purpose of information-gathering, influencing, managing, or directing.View analysis →
RansomwareRansomware is a type of malware that takes the personal data of a victim hostage until a ransom is paid. This does typically, but not necessarily, involve encryption…View analysis →
CryptographyCryptography, or cryptology, is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about…View analysis →
Denial-of-service attackIn computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack /dɒs/ doss) is a cyberattack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended…View analysis →
Post-quantum cryptographyPost-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms (usually public-key…View analysis →
PasswordA password, sometimes called a passcode, is secret data, typically a string of characters, usually used to confirm a user's identity. Traditionally, passwords were expected to be…View analysis →
Block cipherIn cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many…View analysis →
SQL injectionIn computing, SQL injection is a code injection technique used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for…View analysis →
Cryptographic hash functionA cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of n {\displaystyle n} bits) that has special…View analysis →
Access controlIn physical security and information security, access control (AC) is the action of deciding whether a subject should be granted or denied access to an object (for example, a…View analysis →
EncryptionIn cryptography, encryption (more specifically, encoding) is the process of transforming information in a way that, ideally, only authorized parties can decode. This process…View analysis →
Quantum cryptographyQuantum cryptography is the exploiting of quantum-mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem, and the principle of…View analysis →
Information privacyInformation privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of…View analysis →
Extensible Authentication ProtocolExtensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework frequently used in network and internet connections. It is defined in RFC 3748, which made RFC 2284…View analysis →
CyberattackIn computer science, a cyberattack (or cyber attack) is an attack targeted at computer systems. It occurs when there is an unauthorized action against computer infrastructure…View analysis →
Spectre (security vulnerability)Spectre is a class of speculative execution CPU vulnerabilities that involve side-channel attacks, first discovered in 2017. There are multiple variants that affect modern…View analysis →
Cryptography lawCryptography is the practice and study of encrypting information, or in other words, securing information from unauthorized access. There are many different cryptography laws in…View analysis →
Multi-factor authenticationMulti-factor authentication (MFA), also known as two-factor authentication (2FA), is an electronic authentication method in which a user is granted access to a website or…View analysis →
Strong cryptographyStrong cryptography or cryptographically strong are general terms used to designate the cryptographic algorithms that, when used correctly, provide a very high (usually…View analysis →
Disk encryptionDisk encryption is a technology which protects information by converting it into code that cannot be deciphered easily by unauthorized people or processes. Disk encryption uses…View analysis →
Linux malwareLinux malware includes viruses, Trojans, worms and other types of malware that affect the Linux family of operating systems. Linux, Unix and other Unix-like computer operating…View analysis →
Digest access authenticationDigest access authentication is one of the agreed-upon methods a web server can use to negotiate credentials, such as username or password, with a user's web browser. This can be…View analysis →
Stream cipherA stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher, each plaintext digit is…View analysis →
Network securityNetwork security is an umbrella term to describe security controls, policies, processes and practices adopted to prevent, detect and monitor unauthorized access, misuse…View analysis →
Authenticated encryptionAuthenticated encryption (AE) is any encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to…View analysis →
VulnerabilityVulnerability refers to "the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally." The understanding of social and…View analysis →
Vigenère cipherThe Vigenère cipher (French pronunciation: ) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different Caesar cipher, whose…View analysis →
Opportunistic encryptionOpportunistic encryption (OE) refers to any system that, when connecting to another system, attempts to encrypt communications channels, otherwise falling back to unencrypted…View analysis →
Mobile malwareMobile malware is malicious software that targets mobile phones or wireless-enabled Personal digital assistants (PDA), by causing the collapse of the system and loss or leakage…View analysis →
StegomalwareStegomalware is a form of malicious software that leverages steganography techniques to conceal its code, configuration data, or command-and-control (C&C) communications within…View analysis →
Homomorphic encryptionHomomorphic encryption is a form of encryption that allows computations to be performed on encrypted data without first having to decrypt it. The result of the computations are…View analysis →
Double Ratchet AlgorithmIn cryptography, the Double Ratchet Algorithm (previously referred to as the Axolotl Ratchet) is a key management algorithm that was developed by Trevor Perrin and Moxie…View analysis →
Caesar cipherA Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext…View analysis →
CiphertextIn cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded…View analysis →
Transposition cipherIn cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition) without…View analysis →
Fileless malwareFileless malware is a variant of computer related malicious software that exists exclusively as a computer memory-based artifact i.e. in RAM. It does not write any part of its…View analysis →
