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Global surface temperature

Global surface temperature (GST) is the average temperature of Earth's surface at a given time. It is a combination of sea surface temperature and the near-surface air temperature over land, weighted by their respective areas. Temperature data comes mainly from weather stations and satellites. To estimate data in the distant past, proxy data can be used…

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Overview

Definition

Temperature data from 1850 to the present time

Factors influencing global temperature

Robustness of evidence

Related research

Temperature estimates from prior to 1850

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Global surface temperature

Nodes132
Edges131
Triples40
Avg. degree1.98
Density0.015152
Components1

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Global surface temperature

Top relations

related to Definition · 6
Global surface temperature → GMST, GST, Put, Report, SST, The IPCC Sixth Assessment

Important terminology Word statistics

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Important terminology

temperature global temperatures climate years surface records data ice land period changes warming average time record ocean change since used

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
from tree ringsinstance ofInstrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data0.80text
marine sediments.Early temperature recordsThe longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data seriesinstance ofInstrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data0.80text
a single-location data set that starts in 1659.On 15 December 2025instance ofInstrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data0.80text
the Copernicus Programme's Earth System Science Data released the GloSAT reference analysisinstance ofInstrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data0.80text
a gridded data set of air temperature change across global landinstance ofInstrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data0.80text
ocean extending back to the 1780sinstance ofInstrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data0.80text
using marine air temperature observations rather than the sea surface temperature measurements.Before GloSAT's releaseinstance ofInstrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data0.80text
the period for which reasonably reliable instrumental records of near-surface land temperature exist with quasi-global coverage was generally considered to begin around 1850instance ofInstrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data0.80text
a Stevenson screeninstance ofwith the instruments being sheltered from direct sunlight using a shelter0.80text
polar regionsinstance oftemperature observations are more spread out in sparsely populated areas0.80text
desertsinstance oftemperature observations are more spread out in sparsely populated areas0.80text
as well as in many regions of Africainstance oftemperature observations are more spread out in sparsely populated areas0.80text

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