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Single-stage-to-orbit

A single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle reaches orbit from the surface of a body using only propellants and fluids and without expending tanks, engines, or other major hardware. The term usually, but not exclusively, refers to reusable vehicles. To date, no Earth-launched SSTO launch vehicles have ever been flown; orbital launches from Earth have been…

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History

Approaches

Design challenges inherent in SSTO

Examples

Alternative approaches to inexpensive spaceflight

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Single-stage-to-orbit

Nodes126
Edges125
Triples27
Avg. degree1.98
Density0.015873
Components1

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Single-stage-to-orbit

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related to External links · 11
Single-stage-to-orbit → Bell, Burnout Velocity Vb, Jeffrey, June, Single, Single-Stage-to-Orbit Thought Experiment Archived, Spaceflight, SSTO, SSTOThe Cold Equations Of, Stage Rocket, Wayback MachineWhy

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Important terminology

ssto orbit vehicle rocket launch engine payload citation hydrogen needed engines vehicles space reusable mass weight concept stage design orbital

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Mars.The North American Air Augmented VTOVL from 1963 was a similarly large craft which would have used ramjets to decrease the liftoff mass of the vehicle by removing the need for large amounts of liquid oxygen while traveling through the atmosphere.From 1965instance ofintended for missions to further out locations in the Solar System0.80text
Robert Salkeld investigated various single stage to orbit winged spaceplane conceptsinstance ofintended for missions to further out locations in the Solar System0.80text
the Rocketdyne J-2 do not have to fire until atmospheric pressure is negligibleinstance ofas upper stage engines0.80text
and can therefore use the larger bell.One possible solution would be to use an aerospike engineinstance ofas upper stage engines0.80text
which can be effective in a wide range of ambient pressuresinstance ofas upper stage engines0.80text
double-mu bells or extensible bell sectionsinstance ofa linear aerospike engine was to be used in the X-33 design.Other solutions involve using multiple engines and other altitude adapting designs0.80text
the Skylon spaceplaneinstance ofLACE-like precooled airbreathing designs0.80text
shieldinginstance ofSpace tethertugsNuclear propulsionDue to weight issues0.80text
many nuclear propulsion systems are unable to lift their own weightinstance ofSpace tethertugsNuclear propulsionDue to weight issues0.80text
and hence are unsuitable for launching to orbitinstance ofSpace tethertugsNuclear propulsionDue to weight issues0.80text
the Orion projectinstance ofsome designs0.80text
some nuclear thermal designs do have a thrust to weight ratio in excess of 1instance ofsome designs0.80text

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