Pashto

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History

Old Avestan Bactrian Khwarezmian Sogdian Strabo

24 related topics

Geographic distribution

Native tongue Population of Afghanistan Punjab province Islamabad Karachi

39 related topics

Grammar

Subject–object–verb Split ergativity Verbs Subjunctive mood Inflected

11 related topics

Dialects

Tareeno Southern variety Abdaili Northern Karlani group Wazirwola

9 related topics

Key facts & relationships

High-confidence facts extracted from structured source data. Use them as anchors for further research.

Dialects: Pashto dialects
Ethnicity: Pashtuns
Glottolog: pash1269 Pashto
ISO 639-1: ps – Pashto, Pushto
ISO 639-2: pus – Pushto, Pashto
ISO 639-3: pus – inclusive code – Pashto, Pushto Individual codes: pst – Central Pashto pbu – Northern Pashto pbt – Southern Pashto

Topics to explore

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Overview

Eastern Iranian language Eastern Iranian languages
Indo-European language family Indo-European languages
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Persian literature
Pashtuns
Languages of Afghanistan
Dari
Language in Pakistan Languages of Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Balochistan Balochistan, Pakistan
Pashtun diaspora
Persian Persian language
Hindustani Hindustani language
Sanskrit

Geographic distribution

Native tongue First language
Population of Afghanistan Demography of Afghanistan
Punjab province Punjab (Pakistan)
Islamabad
Karachi
India
Tajikistan
Iran
South Khorasan Province
Qaen
Sheen Khalai
Rajasthan
Kolkata
Kabul
United Arab Emirates
Saudi Arabia
Dari Persian
Habibullāh Kalakāni
Pashtun tribes
Amanullah Khan
Third Anglo-Afghan War
Kabul University
Pashto Academy Peshawar Pashto Academy
Saur Revolution
Zahir Shah Mohammed Zahir Shah
Nadir Khan Mohammed Nadir Shah
Royal decree
National language
Pashtun nationalism
Constitutional assembly 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan

History

Grammar

Subject–object–verb
Split ergativity
Verbs Verb
Subjunctive mood
Inflected Inflection
Genders Grammatical gender
Numbers Grammatical number
Cases Grammatical case
Adjectives Adjective
Nouns Noun
Adpositions Adpositional phrase

Phonology

Lateral flap Voiced retroflex lateral flap
Flap Voiced retroflex flap
Approximant Voiced retroflex approximant

Vocabulary

Writing system

Dialects

Tareeno Wanetsi
Southern variety Southern Pashto
Abdaili Durrani
Northern Karlani group Central Pashto
Wazirwola
Masidwola
Northern variety Northern Pashto
Mangal tribe
Afridi Afridi Pashto

Literary Pashto

Literary register Literary language
Ghilji

Literature

Phrases

Bibliography

ISBN ISBN (identifier)
OCLC OCLC (identifier)
Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture
Penzl, Herbert Herbert Penzl

Advanced semantic analysis

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Map overview Semantic statistics

Nodes135

Edges134

Triples282

Avg. degree1.99

Density0.014815

Components1

How this topic connects Entity context

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Pashto

Top relations

related to Bibliography · 44

Pashto → Afghanistan, American Council, Ann Arbor, Aschehoug, Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, Daniel, DC, Descriptive Study, Dialect, Georg, Grammar, Hallberg, Herbert, I-2, Instituttet, ISBN, Ishi Press, Ishi Press International, Kandahar, Learned Societies

related to Pakistan · 30

Pashto → Abdul Qadir, Afaghina, Afghanistan, Afghans, Anjuman-e Islah, Bacha Khan, Balochistan, Department, English, Further, However, In, In British India, In Pakistan, It, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Moreover, NWFP, Pakistan, Pashto Academy Peshawar

related to Afghanistan · 27

Pashto → Academy, Afghan, Afghanistan, Afghanistan's, Although, Dari Persian, Habibullāh Kalakāni, In, Kabul University, King Amanullah Khan, King Zahir Shah, Muhammad Na'im Khan, Nadir Khan, Pashto Academy, Pashto Society Pashto Anjuman, Pashto Tolana, Pashtun, Pashtuns, Persian, Saur Revolution

related to Literature · 23

Pashto → Affection, Afghani, Afghānī, After, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Barech, From, Hafiz Rahmat Khan, Khushal Khan Khattak, Languages, Lughāt, Maʿrifat, Maḥabbah, Nawab Mahabat Khan, Nawabullah Yar Khan, Pir Mohammad Kakar, Rahman Baba, Riyāż, The, The Knowledge

related to External links · 22

Pashto → Afghans, Auto-SuggestionPashto Phonetic KeyboardPashto Language, Dictionary, Identity Formation, Khyber, Language, London, MacKenzie, Norgate, Online Pashto DictionariesA Pashto, PakistanHenry George Raverty, Pashto Dictionary, Pashto Language, PashtoResources, Phonetic Keyboard, Puk'hto, Pus'hto, Second, Standard Pashto, Study

related to Further reading · 19

Pashto → Anne, Berlin, Boston, Boyle David, Brugman, Claudia, Constitution, De Gruyter Mouton, Descriptive Grammar, Dialects, Ethnic Unity, Georg, Iranic Languages, ISBN, Morgenstierne, Pashtun Linguistic, Paṣto Quarterly, Problem, The Place

related to Vocabulary · 19

Pashto → Ancient Greek, Arabic, As, Eastern Iranian, English, For, French, Georg Morgenstierne, German, Greek, Hindi-Urdu, However, In Pashto, Josef Elfenbein, Loanwords, Modern, Old Persian, Persian, Post-7th

related to history · 12

Pashto → Avestan, Bactrian, Comparison, Eastern Iranian, Eastern Iranian Languages, Eastern Middle Iranian, However, Khwarezmian, Old Avestan, Sogdian, Some, What

related to Geographic distribution · 11

Pashto → Afghanistan, Balochistan, In Pakistan, Islamabad, Karachi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Pashtun, Punjab, Sindh, The

related to Writing system · 10

Pashto → Arabic, Bayazid Pir Roshan, In, In Latin, IPA, Latin, Latin Pashto, Perso-Arabic, The, The Pashto

Important terminology Word statistics

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Important terminology

language afghanistan persian pakistan languages pashtun official pashtuns khan also speakers dialects century one northern spoken two ethnic around isbn

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

Subject	Predicate	Object	Confidence	Src
Pashto	Dialects	Pashto dialects	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Ethnicity	Pashtuns	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Glottolog	pash1269 Pashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	ISO 639-1	ps – Pashto, Pushto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	ISO 639-2	pus – Pushto, Pashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	ISO 639-3	pus – inclusive code – Pashto, Pushto Individual codes: pst – Central Pashto pbu – Northern Pashto pbt – Southern Pashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Language family	Indo-IranianIranianSoutheasternPashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Language family	IranianSoutheasternPashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Language family	SoutheasternPashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Language family	Pashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Linguasphere	58-ABD-a	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Native to	Afghanistan Pakistan[a]	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Official language in	Afghanistan	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Pronunciation	[pəʂˈto], [pʊxˈto], [pəçˈto], [pəʃˈto]	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Regulated by	Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Regulated by	Pashto Academy of Pakistan	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Speakers	L1: 51 million (2017–2023) L2: 4.9 million (2022)	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Standard forms	Central Pashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Standard forms	Northern Pashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Standard forms	Southern Pashto	1.00	infobox
Pashto	Writing system	Pashto alphabet	1.00	infobox
Pashto	is a	mother tongue of 35	0.90	text
Pashto	is a	first language of around 18.1	0.90	text
Pashto	is a	regional language of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and north Balochistan	0.90	text
Pashto	is a	Eastern Iranian language sharing characteristics with Eastern Middle Iranian languages such as Bactrian	0.90	text
Pashto	is a	artificial variety of Pashto that is used at times as literary register of Pashto	0.90	text

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