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Portolan charts are the earliest known type of nautical charts, and the oldest known examples were made in the late 13th and early 14th centuries in the Mediterranean region, usually displaying the areas between the Atlantic coasts of Western Europe and Northwestern Africa to the west and the Black Sea to the east. Besides those showing the entire area…
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charts portolan chart lines nautical mediterranean also map century black many medieval symbols use compass sea atlases maps used navigational
| Subject | Predicate | Object | Confidence | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| reefs | instance of | SymbolsPortolan charts use symbols to represent navigational hazards | 0.80 | text |
| rocks | instance of | SymbolsPortolan charts use symbols to represent navigational hazards | 0.80 | text |
| shoals | instance of | SymbolsPortolan charts use symbols to represent navigational hazards | 0.80 | text |
| and sandbanks | instance of | SymbolsPortolan charts use symbols to represent navigational hazards | 0.80 | text |
| the plus/cross were not standardized | instance of | but within the coastline.Arbitrary symbols for navigational hazards | 0.80 | text |
| varied greatly from one mapmaker's work to another | instance of | but within the coastline.Arbitrary symbols for navigational hazards | 0.80 | text |
| and even within the works of an individual mapmaker | instance of | but within the coastline.Arbitrary symbols for navigational hazards | 0.80 | text |
| anchorage | instance of | some portolan charts also feature pictorial symbols representing features | 0.80 | text |
| lighthouses | instance of | some portolan charts also feature pictorial symbols representing features | 0.80 | text |
| beacons | instance of | some portolan charts also feature pictorial symbols representing features | 0.80 | text |
| and buoys | instance of | some portolan charts also feature pictorial symbols representing features | 0.80 | text |
| a merchant commissioning a chart depicting the parts of the Mediterranean he traveled after returning from his voyage | instance of | and that records show instances | 0.80 | text |
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