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Nanjing Massacre

The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as Nanking) was the mass rape and murder, between December 1937 and March 1938, of Chinese civilians, noncombatants, and prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China. It took place immediately after the Battle of Nanjing and retreat of the…

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Attack type
Mass murder, wartime rape, looting, torture, arson
Date
From December 13, 1937, for six weeks[a] (traditional historiography), atrocities in the Nanjing Area began December 4, 1937 and ended March 28, 1938
Deaths
100,000–200,000 civilians and POWs (newer estimates); more according to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East; other estimates range from 40,000 to over 340,000,…
Motive
Anti-Chinese racism · Japanese ultranationalism · Cultural violence within the Japanese military · A breakdown in Japanese military discipline
Perpetrators
Prince Yasuhiko Asaka · Gen. Iwane Matsui · Lt. Col. Isamu Chō · Shanghai Expeditionary Army · Japanese Tenth Army
Target
Chinese people

Topics to explore

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Overview

Military situation

March to Nanjing and atrocities

Civilian population and evacuation

"Plan B": the intended use of poison gas and incendiary bombing in Nanjing

Battle of Nanjing

The Nanjing Massacre

Causes

End of the massacre

Recall of Matsui and Asaka

Evidence collection

Death toll estimates

War crimes tribunals

Memorials

Controversy

Legacy

Records

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Map overview Semantic statistics

Nanjing Massacre

Nodes229
Edges228
Triples320
Avg. degree1.99
Density0.008734
Components1

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Nanjing Massacre

Top relations

related to External links · 54
Nanjing Massacre → American Missionaries Who Witnessed, April, Articles'No, Atrocity, Cha RuizhenKirk Denton, Chinese, Chinese Museums, Contemporary Japanese Studies, David Askew, Denial, Denying Genocide, Digital Archive, Documentary, Documents, Electronic Journal, February, Gao Xingzu, Heroic Resistance, History, Holocaust
related to Range and duration · 31
Nanjing Massacre → Although Japanese, Chiangning, Chiangp'u, December, February, Historians, Japanese, Japanese Army, Jiangsu, Kaochun, Kasahara, Kuyung, Liang Hongzhi, Lishui, Liuho, March, More, Nanjing, Nanjing City, Nanking
related to Debate in Japan · 25
Nanjing Massacre → According, Akira Suzuki, Asahi Shimbun, Askew, China, David Askew, December, During, Great Massacre School, Hora, Hora Tomio, However, In, Isaiah Ben-Dasan, January, Japan, Japanese, Katsuichi Honda, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Shichihei Yamamoto
related to Memorials · 24
Nanjing Massacre → As, China, Chinese, Daniel Kwan, December, Documents, Hall, In, International Safety Zone Memorial, It, Japanese, John Rabe, John Rabe's, Los Angeles, Memorial Hall, Nanjing, Nanjing Massacre Memorial Day, Nanjing Municipal Government, On December, On October
related to China · 21
Nanjing Massacre → Before, China, Chinese, Cold War, Concerns, December, However, In, Iris Chang, Japan, Japanese, Jon Halliday's, Jung Chang, Mao, Mao Zedong, Nanjing, People's Republic, Rape, Taiwan, There
related to Japan · 19
Nanjing Massacre → Asia, Chinese, Following, In, Japan, Japan-bashing, Japanese, Jikan, Nanjing, Notably, Other, Recognizing, Russian, This, Time, Western, World War II, Yoshida, Yoshie Hotta
related to Evidence collection · 18
Nanjing Massacre → According, American, Approximately, August, Between, Drea, East Asia, Edward, For, In, Japan, Japanese, Kesago Nakajima's, Nanjing, Overseas, Pacific, Some, The Japanese
related to War crimes tribunals · 16
Nanjing Massacre → Battle, Far East, General Matsui, Hague Convention, Imperial Japanese Army, International Military Tribunal, Isamu Chō, Japan, Japanese, May, Nanjing, Okinawa, Other Japanese, Prince Asaka, Prince Kan'in Kotohito, Shortly
related to Effect on international relations · 15
Nanjing Massacre → A-bombs, China, Chinese, Despite, For Japan, Japan, Japan's, Japanese, People, Sino-Japanese, Takashi Yoshida, The, This, Trade, Yoshida
related to Records · 14
Nanjing Massacre → According, Chinese, Collection, Historical Materials, In December, It, Japanese, Nánjīng, PRC, The, This, Western, Xinhua News Agency, Zhang Xianwen

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Important terminology

japanese nanjing chinese massacre soldiers city december 000 army china war civilians one killed military women japan zone rape atrocities

Entity relationships Subject–Predicate–Object triples

SubjectPredicateObjectConfidenceSrc
Nanjing MassacreAttack typeMass murder, wartime rape, looting, torture, arson1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreDateFrom December 13, 1937, for six weeks[a] (traditional historiography), atrocities in the Nanjing Area began December 4, 1937 and ended March 28, 19381.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreDeaths100,000–200,000 civilians and POWs (newer estimates); more according to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East; other estimates range from 40,000 to over 340,000,…1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreLocation.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-pars…1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreMotiveAnti-Chinese racism1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreMotiveJapanese ultranationalism1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreMotiveCultural violence within the Japanese military1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreMotiveA breakdown in Japanese military discipline1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacrePerpetratorsPrince Yasuhiko Asaka1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacrePerpetratorsGen. Iwane Matsui1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacrePerpetratorsLt. Col. Isamu Chō1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacrePerpetratorsShanghai Expeditionary Army1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacrePerpetratorsJapanese Tenth Army1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreTargetChinese people1.00infobox
Nanjing MassacreVictims20,000–80,000 women and children raped, 30,000+ POWs illegally executed, 20,000 falsely accused male civilians executed as soldiers, 12,000 to 60,000 civilians murdered inside t…1.00infobox

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