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Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy

Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy (HMC microscopy) is an optical microscopy technique for enhancing the contrast in unstained biological specimens. The technique was invented by Robert Hoffman in 1975. Like differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC microscopy), contrast is increased by using components in the light path which convert phase…

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Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy

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hmc technique contrast hoffman microscopy optical appears illumination used condenser objective polariser modulation enhancing unstained biological specimens invented robert 1975

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