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The Cologne mark (German: Kölner Mark) is an obsolete unit of weight (or mass) equivalent to 233.856 grams (about 3,609 grains). The Cologne mark was in use from the 11th century onward. It came to be used as the base unit for a number of currency standards, including the Lübeck monetary system, which was important in northern Europe in the late Middle…
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cologne grams mark used grains pfund pound marks variants century conventionsthaler ounces unit including system europe late middle ages coinage
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