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Volcanic ash consists of fragments of rock, mineral crystals, and volcanic glass, produced during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches) in diameter. The term volcanic ash is also often loosely used to refer to all explosive eruption products (correctly referred to as tephra), including particles larger than 2 mm. Volcanic ash is…
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ash volcanic water may fall eruptions also magma particles eruption density damage impacts surface air within ashfall atmosphere effects high
| Subject | Predicate | Object | Confidence | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | instance of | Molar ratios between ions present in leachates suggest that in many cases these elements are present as simple salts | 0.80 | text |
| CaSO4 | instance of | Molar ratios between ions present in leachates suggest that in many cases these elements are present as simple salts | 0.80 | text |
| calcium hexafluorosilicate | instance of | with the exception of fluoride salts of alkali metals and compounds | 0.80 | text |
| lakes | instance of | long-term studies necessary to evaluate these effects are lacking.Ingesting ashFor surface water sources | 0.80 | text |
| reservoirs | instance of | long-term studies necessary to evaluate these effects are lacking.Ingesting ashFor surface water sources | 0.80 | text |
| the volume available for dilution of ionic species leached from ash is generally large | instance of | long-term studies necessary to evaluate these effects are lacking.Ingesting ashFor surface water sources | 0.80 | text |
| mercury | instance of | Volcanic ashfalls are not known to have caused problems in water supplies for toxic trace elements | 0.80 | text |
| water | instance of | particularly moving parts | 0.80 | text |
| wind turbines | instance of | particularly moving parts | 0.80 | text |
| cooling fans on transformers or thermal power plants.The high bulk density of some ash deposits can cause line breakage | instance of | particularly moving parts | 0.80 | text |
| damage to steel towers | instance of | particularly moving parts | 0.80 | text |
| wooden poles due to ash loading | instance of | particularly moving parts | 0.80 | text |
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