Ma'rifaIn Sufism, maʿrifa ("experiential knowledge" or "gnosis") is the mystical understanding of God or Divine Reality. It has been described as an immediate recognition and…View analysis →
DutyA duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; Old French: deu, did, past participle of devoir; Latin: debere, debitum, whence "debt") is a commitment or expectation to…View analysis →
Birth orderBirth order refers to the order a child is born in their family; firstborn and second-born are examples. Birth order is often believed to have a profound and lasting effect on…View analysis →
HashkafaHashkafa (Hebrew: השקפה, lit. 'outlook'; plural hashkafot, hashkafos, or hashkafas) is the Hebrew term for worldview and guiding philosophy, used almost exclusively within…View analysis →
Implicit cognitionImplicit cognition refers to cognitive processes that occur outside conscious awareness or conscious control. This includes domains such as learning, perception, or memory which…View analysis →
InsanityInsanity, madness, lunacy, and craziness are behaviors caused by certain abnormal mental or behavioral patterns. Insanity can manifest as violations of societal norms, including…View analysis →
PhysisPhysis (/ˈfaɪsɪs/; Ancient Greek: φύσις ; pl. physeis, φύσεις) is a Greek philosophical, theological, and scientific term, usually translated into English—according to its Latin…View analysis →
Nirvana SchoolThe Nirvāṇa School (Chinese: 涅槃宗; Niepan-zong) was a doctrinal tradition within East Asian Mahāyāna Buddhism that centered on the interpretation and propagation of the…View analysis →
Moral universalismMoral universalism (also called moral objectivism) is the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics, or a universal ethic, applies universally, that is, for "all similarly…View analysis →
Primitive reflexesPrimitive reflexes are reflex actions originating in the central nervous system that are exhibited by normal infants, but not neurologically intact adults, in response to…View analysis →
Moral compassA moral compass is a metaphor for a moral value system that provides guidance on "good" or "right" choices in human interaction and especially in decision-making situations. This…View analysis →
Non-classical logicNon-classical logics (sometimes alternative logics) are formal systems that differ in a significant way from standard logical systems such as propositional and predicate logic…View analysis →
ChesedChesed (Hebrew: חֶסֶד, also Romanized: Ḥeseḏ) is a Hebrew word that means 'kindness or love between people', specifically of the devotional piety of people towards God as well as…View analysis →
OusiaOusia (/ˈuːziə, ˈuːsiə, ˈuːʒə, ˈuːʃə/; Ancient Greek: οὐσία) is a philosophical and theological term, originally used in ancient Greek philosophy, then later in Christian…View analysis →
Behavior modificationBehavior modification is a treatment approach that uses respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, overt behavior is modified…View analysis →
Āstika and nāstikaĀstika (Sanskrit: आस्तिक, IAST: āstika) and Nāstika (Sanskrit: नास्तिक, IAST: nāstika) are mutually exclusive terms that modern scholars use to classify the schools of Indian…View analysis →
WelfarismIn ethics, welfarism is a theory that well-being, what is good for someone or what makes a life worth living, is the only thing that has intrinsic value. In its most general…View analysis →
DoubtDoubt is a mental state in which the mind remains suspended between two or more contradictory propositions, and is uncertain about them.[better source needed] Doubt on an…View analysis →
MindstreamMindstream (Pali: citta-santāna, Sanskrit: citta-saṃtāna, Tibetan: sems-rgyud, Ch: xin xiangxu 心相續) in Buddhist philosophy is the moment-to-moment continuum of sense impressions…View analysis →
Society of Mary (Marists)The Society of Mary (Latin: Societas Mariæ), better known as the Marists, is a Catholic religious congregation of pontifical right. Founded in Cerdon, France, by Jean-Claude…View analysis →
GlorificationGlorification may have several meanings in Christianity. The Nicene Creed states that God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit are glorified. From the Catholic canonization to…View analysis →
NagarajaA Nagaraja (Sanskrit: नागराज nāgarāja, lit. 'king of the nagas') is a king of the various races of the nāga, the divine or semi-divine, half-human, half-serpent beings that…View analysis →
CounterexampleA counterexample is a specific example that contradicts a claim, hypothesis, or generalization. In logic a counterexample disproves a universally stated claim, and does so…View analysis →
Value pluralismIn ethics, value pluralism (sometimes hyphenated; otherwise known as ethical pluralism or moral pluralism) is the idea that there are several values which may be equally correct…View analysis →
Applied scienceApplied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and…View analysis →
Intermediate logicIn mathematical logic, a superintuitionistic logic is a propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic. A logic is a set of propositional formulas with certain closure…View analysis →
Hilbert systemIn logic, more specifically proof theory, a Hilbert system, sometimes called Hilbert calculus, Hilbert-style system, Hilbert-style proof system, Hilbert-style deductive system or…View analysis →
MentalizationIn psychology, mentalization is the ability to understand the mental state – of oneself or others – that underlies overt behaviour. Mentalization can be seen as a form of…View analysis →
Gödel's completeness theoremGödel's completeness theorem is a fundamental theorem in mathematical logic that establishes a correspondence between semantic truth and syntactic provability in first-order logic.View analysis →
PaternalismPaternalism is action that limits a person's or group's liberty or autonomy against their will and is intended to promote their own good. It has been defended in a variety of…View analysis →
Population ethicsPopulation ethics is the philosophical study of the ethical problems arising when actions affect who is born and how many people are born in the future. An important area within…View analysis →
Wim EijkWillem Jacobus "Wim" Eijk (born 22 June 1953) is a Dutch prelate of the Catholic Church, a cardinal since 2012. He has been the Metropolitan Archbishop of Utrecht since 2007. He…View analysis →
Prior AnalyticsThe Prior Analytics (Ancient Greek: Ἀναλυτικὰ Πρότερα; Latin: Analytica Priora) is a work by Aristotle on reasoning, known as syllogistic, composed around 350 BC. Being one of…View analysis →
ConventionalismConventionalism is the philosophical attitude that fundamental principles of a certain kind are grounded on (explicit or implicit) agreements in society, rather than on external…View analysis →
UnknowabilityIn philosophy, unknowability is the possibility of inherently unaccessible knowledge. It addresses the epistemology of that which cannot be known. Some related concepts include…View analysis →
SympathySympathy is the perception of, understanding of, and supportive reaction to the distress or need of another life form.View analysis →
